访问修饰符

从learn.microsoft.com:

public The type or member can be accessed by any other code in the same assembly or another assembly that references it. private The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct. protected The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class. private protected (added in C# 7.2) The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class from the same assembly, but not from another assembly. internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, but not from another assembly. protected internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, or by any derived class in another assembly.

如果没有设置访问修饰符，则使用默认访问修饰符。所以总有某种形式的访问修饰符，即使它没有设置。

静态修饰符

类上的静态修饰符意味着该类不能被实例化，并且它的所有成员都是静态的。静态成员只有一个版本，不管创建了多少个其封闭类型的实例。

静态类基本上与非静态类相同，但有一个区别:静态类不能被外部实例化。换句话说，不能使用new关键字创建类类型的变量。因为没有实例变量，所以可以使用类名本身访问静态类的成员。

然而，存在一种静态构造函数。任何类都可以有其中一个，包括静态类。它们不能被直接调用，也不能有参数(除了类本身的任何类型参数)。在创建第一个实例或引用任何静态成员之前，会自动调用静态构造函数来初始化类。看起来是这样的:

static class Foo()
{
    static Foo()
    {
        Bar = "fubar";
    }
    
    public static string Bar { get; set; }
}

静态类通常被用作服务，你可以这样使用它们:

MyStaticClass.ServiceMethod(...);

小心!注意类的可访问性。默认情况下，所有人都可以访问公共和受保护的类和方法。

此外，微软在显示访问修饰符(公共的，受保护的，等等。关键字)当Visual Studio中创建新类时。因此，请仔细考虑类的可访问性，因为它是通往实现内部的大门。

Private状态表示变量只能被同一类的对象访问。受保护状态将这种访问权限扩展到该类的后代。

“从上表中我们可以看到隐私和受保护之间的区别……我认为两者是一样的....那么这两个单独的命令有什么用呢?

查看MSDN链接了解更多信息

图形概述(简要总结)

实际上，情况要比这复杂一些。 现在(从c# 7.2开始)，也有private protected，派生类是否在同一个程序集中也很重要。

因此，需要扩展概述:

请参阅有关此主题的c# -dotnet-docs。

因为静态类是密封的，所以它们不能被继承(除非是从Object继承)，所以关键字protected在静态类上是无效的。

对于默认情况，如果你在前面不放访问修饰符，请参见这里: c#类和成员(字段，方法等)的默认可见性?

Non-nested

enum                              public
non-nested classes / structs      internal
interfaces                        internal
delegates in namespace            internal
class/struct member(s)            private
delegates nested in class/struct  private

嵌套:

nested enum      public
nested interface public
nested class     private
nested struct    private

此外，还有seal -关键字，它使类不可继承。 同样，在VB中。NET，关键字有时是不同的，所以这里有一个小抄:

using System;

namespace ClassLibrary1
{
    public class SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        public string publicVariable = "public";
        protected string protectedVariable = "protected";
        protected internal string protected_InternalVariable = "protected internal";
        internal string internalVariable = "internal";
        private string privateVariable = "private";
        public void test()
        {
            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    public class SameAssemblyDerivedClass : SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        public void test()
        {
            SameAssemblyDerivedClass p = new SameAssemblyDerivedClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    public class SameAssemblyDifferentClass
    {
        public SameAssemblyDifferentClass()
        {
            SameAssemblyBaseClass p = new SameAssemblyBaseClass();

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protectedVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            //Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }
}

 using System;
        using ClassLibrary1;
        namespace ConsoleApplication4

{
    class DifferentAssemblyClass
    {
        public DifferentAssemblyClass()
        {
            SameAssemblyBaseClass p = new SameAssemblyBaseClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.privateVariable);

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protectedVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            // Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protected_InternalVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            // Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    class DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass : SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass p = new DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.privateVariable);

            // NOT OK
            //Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);

            SameAssemblyDerivedClass dd = new SameAssemblyDerivedClass();
            dd.test();
        }
    }
}

访问修饰符

从learn.microsoft.com:

public The type or member can be accessed by any other code in the same assembly or another assembly that references it. private The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct. protected The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class. private protected (added in C# 7.2) The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class from the same assembly, but not from another assembly. internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, but not from another assembly. protected internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, or by any derived class in another assembly.

如果没有设置访问修饰符，则使用默认访问修饰符。所以总有某种形式的访问修饰符，即使它没有设置。

静态修饰符

类上的静态修饰符意味着该类不能被实例化，并且它的所有成员都是静态的。静态成员只有一个版本，不管创建了多少个其封闭类型的实例。

静态类基本上与非静态类相同，但有一个区别:静态类不能被外部实例化。换句话说，不能使用new关键字创建类类型的变量。因为没有实例变量，所以可以使用类名本身访问静态类的成员。

然而，存在一种静态构造函数。任何类都可以有其中一个，包括静态类。它们不能被直接调用，也不能有参数(除了类本身的任何类型参数)。在创建第一个实例或引用任何静态成员之前，会自动调用静态构造函数来初始化类。看起来是这样的:

static class Foo()
{
    static Foo()
    {
        Bar = "fubar";
    }
    
    public static string Bar { get; set; }
}

静态类通常被用作服务，你可以这样使用它们:

MyStaticClass.ServiceMethod(...);