考虑使用Pandas。正如William McKinney的《Python for Data Analysis》中所述

另一种考虑级数的方法是固定长度的有序级数 Dict，因为它是索引值到数据值的映射。它可以是 在很多情况下，你可能会用到字典。

import pandas as pd
list = {'george':16,'amber':19}
lookup_list = pd.Series(list)

要查询您的系列，请执行以下操作:

lookup_list[lookup_list.values == 19]

收益率:

Out[1]: 
amber    19
dtype: int64

如果您需要对输出进行任何其他转换 回答成一个列表可能有用:

answer = lookup_list[lookup_list.values == 19].index
answer = pd.Index.tolist(answer)

如果希望根据值查找键，可以使用字典推导式创建查找字典，然后使用该字典从值中查找键。

lookup = {value: key for key, value in self.data}
lookup[value]

以下是我对这个问题的看法。：） 我刚刚开始学习Python，所以我称之为:

“初学者可以理解的”解决方案。

#Code without comments.

list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
search_age = int(search_age)

listByAge = {}

for name, age in list1.items():
    if age == search_age:
        age = str(age)
        results = name + " " +age
        print results

        age2 = int(age)
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

print
print listByAge

.

#Code with comments.
#I've added another name with the same age to the list.
list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
#Original code.
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
#Because raw_input gives a string, we need to convert it to int,
#so we can search the dictionary list with it.
search_age = int(search_age)

#Here we define another empty dictionary, to store the results in a more 
#permanent way.
listByAge = {}

#We use double variable iteration, so we get both the name and age 
#on each run of the loop.
for name, age in list1.items():
    #Here we check if the User Defined age = the age parameter 
    #for this run of the loop.
    if age == search_age:
        #Here we convert Age back to string, because we will concatenate it 
        #with the person's name. 
        age = str(age)
        #Here we concatenate.
        results = name + " " +age
        #If you want just the names and ages displayed you can delete
        #the code after "print results". If you want them stored, don't...
        print results

        #Here we create a second variable that uses the value of
        #the age for the current person in the list.
        #For example if "Anna" is "10", age2 = 10,
        #integer value which we can use in addition.
        age2 = int(age)
        #Here we use the method that checks or creates values in dictionaries.
        #We create a new entry for each name that matches the User Defined Age
        #with default value of 0, and then we add the value from age2.
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

#Here we print the new dictionary with the users with User Defined Age.
print
print listByAge

.

#Results
Running: *\test.py (Thu Jun 06 05:10:02 2013)

Provide age: 19

amber 19
Garry 19

{'amber': 19, 'Garry': 19}

Execution Successful!

dict_a = {'length': 5, 'width': 9, 'height': 4}

# get the key of specific value 5
key_of_value = list(dict_a)[list(dict_a.values()).index(5)]
print(key_of_value)  # length

# get the key of minimum value
key_min_value = list(dict_a)[list(dict_a.values()).index(sorted(dict_a.values())[0])]
print(key_min_value)  # height

# get the key of maximum value
key_max_value = list(dict_a)[list(dict_a.values()).index(sorted(dict_a.values(), reverse=True)[0])]
print(key_max_value)  # width

这是一个奇怪的问题，因为第一条评论就给出了完美的答案。 根据样例提供的数据示例

dictionary = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
print(dictionary["george"])

它返回

16

所以你想要相反的结果 输入“16”，得到“george” 简单地交换键值和presto

dictionary = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
inv_dict = {value:key for key, value in dictionary.items()}
print(inv_dict[16])

我处于完全相反的位置，因为我有一本字典

{16:'george', 19:'amber'}

我试着喂"乔治"然后得到16个…我尝试了几种循环和迭代器，OK..他们工作，但它不是简单的一行解决方案，我将使用快速结果…所以我简单地交换了解。 如果我错过了什么，请让我知道删除我的答案。

我发现这个答案很有效，但对我来说不太容易理解。

为了使它更清楚，您可以反转字典的键和值。这是使键值和值键，如这里所示。

mydict = {'george':16,'amber':19}
res = dict((v,k) for k,v in mydict.iteritems())
print(res[16]) # Prints george

或者Python 3，(谢谢@kkgarg)

mydict = {'george':16,'amber':19}
res = dict((v,k) for k,v in mydict.items())
print(res[16]) # Prints george

Also

print(res.get(16)) # Prints george

本质上和另一个答案是一样的。