There are three approaches to finding the name of the current shell's executable: Please note that all three approaches can be fooled if the executable of the shell is /bin/sh, but it's really a renamed bash, for example (which frequently happens). Thus your second question of whether ps output will do is answered with "not always". echo $0 - will print the program name... which in the case of the shell is the actual shell. ps -ef | grep $$ | grep -v grep - this will look for the current process ID in the list of running processes. Since the current process is the shell, it will be included. This is not 100% reliable, as you might have other processes whose ps listing includes the same number as shell's process ID, especially if that ID is a small number (for example, if the shell's PID is "5", you may find processes called "java5" or "perl5" in the same grep output!). This is the second problem with the "ps" approach, on top of not being able to rely on the shell name. echo $SHELL - The path to the current shell is stored as the SHELL variable for any shell. The caveat for this one is that if you launch a shell explicitly as a subprocess (for example, it's not your login shell), you will get your login shell's value instead. If that's a possibility, use the ps or $0 approach. If, however, the executable doesn't match your actual shell (e.g. /bin/sh is actually bash or ksh), you need heuristics. Here are some environmental variables specific to various shells: $version is set on tcsh $BASH is set on bash $shell (lowercase) is set to actual shell name in csh or tcsh $ZSH_NAME is set on zsh ksh has $PS3 and $PS4 set, whereas the normal Bourne shell (sh) only has $PS1 and $PS2 set. This generally seems like the hardest to distinguish - the only difference in the entire set of environment variables between sh and ksh we have installed on Solaris boxen is $ERRNO, $FCEDIT, $LINENO, $PPID, $PS3, $PS4, $RANDOM, $SECONDS, and $TMOUT.

这不是一个非常干净的解决方案，但它是你想要的。

# MUST BE SOURCED..
getshell() {
    local shell="`ps -p $$ | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}'`"

    shells_array=(
    # It is important that the shells are listed in descending order of their name length.
        pdksh
        bash dash mksh
        zsh ksh
        sh
    )

    local suited=false
    for i in ${shells_array[*]}; do
        if ! [ -z `printf $shell | grep $i` ] && ! $suited; then
            shell=$i
            suited=true
        fi
    done

    echo $shell
}
getshell

现在您可以使用$(getshell)——version。

不过，这只适用于kornshell类shell (ksh)。

这个在Red Hat Linux (RHEL)， macOS, BSD和一些aix上运行良好:

ps -T $$ | awk 'NR==2{print $NF}' 

或者，如果pstree可用，下面的一个也应该工作，

pstree | egrep $$ | awk 'NR==2{print $NF}'

$SHELL不需要总是显示当前SHELL。它只反映要调用的默认shell。

为了测试上面的测试，假设bash是默认shell，尝试echo $ shell，然后在同一终端，进入其他一些shell(例如KornShell (ksh))并尝试$ shell。在这两种情况下，您将看到结果为bash。

要获得当前shell的名称，使用cat /proc/$$/cmdline。和通过readlink /proc/$$/exe到shell可执行文件的路径。

Ps是最可靠的方法。SHELL环境变量不能保证被设置，即使设置了，也很容易被欺骗。

你可以使用echo $SHELL|sed "s/\/bin\// g"