这不是一个非常干净的解决方案，但它是你想要的。

# MUST BE SOURCED..
getshell() {
    local shell="`ps -p $$ | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}'`"

    shells_array=(
    # It is important that the shells are listed in descending order of their name length.
        pdksh
        bash dash mksh
        zsh ksh
        sh
    )

    local suited=false
    for i in ${shells_array[*]}; do
        if ! [ -z `printf $shell | grep $i` ] && ! $suited; then
            shell=$i
            suited=true
        fi
    done

    echo $shell
}
getshell

现在您可以使用$(getshell)——version。

不过，这只适用于kornshell类shell (ksh)。

$SHELL不需要总是显示当前SHELL。它只反映要调用的默认shell。

为了测试上面的测试，假设bash是默认shell，尝试echo $ shell，然后在同一终端，进入其他一些shell(例如KornShell (ksh))并尝试$ shell。在这两种情况下，您将看到结果为bash。

要获得当前shell的名称，使用cat /proc/$$/cmdline。和通过readlink /proc/$$/exe到shell可执行文件的路径。

Ps是最可靠的方法。SHELL环境变量不能保证被设置，即使设置了，也很容易被欺骗。

如果您只是想检查您正在运行(特定版本的)Bash，最好的方法是使用$BASH_VERSINFO数组变量。作为一个(只读)数组变量，它不能在环境中设置， 因此，您可以确定它来自当前shell(如果有的话)。

但是，由于Bash在作为sh调用时具有不同的行为，因此还需要检查以/ Bash结尾的$ Bash环境变量。

在我写的一个脚本中，使用了带-(不是下划线)的函数名，并依赖于关联数组(在Bash 4中添加)，我有以下完整性检查(有有用的用户错误消息):

case `eval 'echo $BASH@${BASH_VERSINFO[0]}' 2>/dev/null` in
    */bash@[456789])
        # Claims bash version 4+, check for func-names and associative arrays
        if ! eval "declare -A _ARRAY && func-name() { :; }" 2>/dev/null; then
            echo >&2 "bash $BASH_VERSION is not supported (not really bash?)"
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
    */bash@[123])
        echo >&2 "bash $BASH_VERSION is not supported (version 4+ required)"
        exit 1
        ;;
    *)
        echo >&2 "This script requires BASH (version 4+) - not regular sh"
        echo >&2 "Re-run as \"bash $CMD\" for proper operation"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

在第一种情况下，您可以忽略对特性的功能检查，只假设将来的Bash版本是兼容的。

There are three approaches to finding the name of the current shell's executable: Please note that all three approaches can be fooled if the executable of the shell is /bin/sh, but it's really a renamed bash, for example (which frequently happens). Thus your second question of whether ps output will do is answered with "not always". echo $0 - will print the program name... which in the case of the shell is the actual shell. ps -ef | grep $$ | grep -v grep - this will look for the current process ID in the list of running processes. Since the current process is the shell, it will be included. This is not 100% reliable, as you might have other processes whose ps listing includes the same number as shell's process ID, especially if that ID is a small number (for example, if the shell's PID is "5", you may find processes called "java5" or "perl5" in the same grep output!). This is the second problem with the "ps" approach, on top of not being able to rely on the shell name. echo $SHELL - The path to the current shell is stored as the SHELL variable for any shell. The caveat for this one is that if you launch a shell explicitly as a subprocess (for example, it's not your login shell), you will get your login shell's value instead. If that's a possibility, use the ps or $0 approach. If, however, the executable doesn't match your actual shell (e.g. /bin/sh is actually bash or ksh), you need heuristics. Here are some environmental variables specific to various shells: $version is set on tcsh $BASH is set on bash $shell (lowercase) is set to actual shell name in csh or tcsh $ZSH_NAME is set on zsh ksh has $PS3 and $PS4 set, whereas the normal Bourne shell (sh) only has $PS1 and $PS2 set. This generally seems like the hardest to distinguish - the only difference in the entire set of environment variables between sh and ksh we have installed on Solaris boxen is $ERRNO, $FCEDIT, $LINENO, $PPID, $PS3, $PS4, $RANDOM, $SECONDS, and $TMOUT.

使用$SHELL环境变量获取它。简单的sed可以删除路径:

echo $SHELL | sed -E 's/^.*\/([aA-zZ]+$)/\1/g'

输出:

bash

它在macOS、Ubuntu和CentOS上进行了测试。