我的方法：

def get_last_day_of_month(mon: int, year: int) -> str:
    '''
    Returns last day of the month.
    '''

    ### Day 28 falls in every month
    res = datetime(month=mon, year=year, day=28)
    ### Go to next month
    res = res + timedelta(days=4)
    ### Subtract one day from the start of the next month
    res = datetime.strptime(res.strftime('%Y-%m-01'), '%Y-%m-%d') - timedelta(days=1)

    return res.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

>>> get_last_day_of_month(mon=10, year=2022)
... '2022-10-31'

最简单的方法（不必导入日历）是获取下个月的第一天，然后从中减去一天。

import datetime as dt
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

thisDate = dt.datetime(2017, 11, 17)

last_day_of_the_month = dt.datetime(thisDate.year, (thisDate + relativedelta(months=1)).month, 1) - dt.timedelta(days=1)
print last_day_of_the_month

输出：

datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 30, 0, 0)

PS：与导入日历方法相比，此代码运行速度更快；见下文：

import datetime as dt
import calendar
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

someDates = [dt.datetime.today() - dt.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, 10000)]

start1 = dt.datetime.now()
for thisDate in someDates:
    lastDay = dt.datetime(thisDate.year, (thisDate + relativedelta(months=1)).month, 1) - dt.timedelta(days=1)

print ('Time Spent= ', dt.datetime.now() - start1)


start2 = dt.datetime.now()
for thisDate in someDates:
    lastDay = dt.datetime(thisDate.year, 
                          thisDate.month, 
                          calendar.monthrange(thisDate.year, thisDate.month)[1])

print ('Time Spent= ', dt.datetime.now() - start2)

输出：

Time Spent=  0:00:00.097814
Time Spent=  0:00:00.109791

此代码假设您希望获得当月最后一天的日期（即，不只是DD部分，而是整个YYYYMMDD日期）

对我来说，这是最简单的方法：

selected_date = date(some_year, some_month, some_day)

if selected_date.month == 12: # December
     last_day_selected_month = date(selected_date.year, selected_date.month, 31)
else:
     last_day_selected_month = date(selected_date.year, selected_date.month + 1, 1) - timedelta(days=1)

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
start_month = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, 1)
date_on_next_month = start_month + datetime.timedelta(35)
start_next_month = datetime.datetime(date_on_next_month.year, date_on_next_month.month, 1)
last_day_month = start_next_month - datetime.timedelta(1)

在Python 3.7中，有一个未记录的calendar.monthlen（年，月）函数：

>>> calendar.monthlen(2002, 1)
31
>>> calendar.monthlen(2008, 2)
29
>>> calendar.monthlen(2100, 2)
28

它相当于记录的日历。monthrange（年，月）[1]调用。

下面是一个基于python lambdas的解决方案：

next_month = lambda y, m, d: (y, m + 1, 1) if m + 1 < 13 else ( y+1 , 1, 1)
month_end  = lambda dte: date( *next_month( *dte.timetuple()[:3] ) ) - timedelta(days=1)

next_month lambda查找下个月第一天的元组表示形式，并滚动到下一年。month_end lambda将日期（dte）转换为元组，应用next_month并创建新日期。那么“月底”就是下个月的第一天减去时间增量（天=1）。