这是一个java.util。类似base64的实现，是不是很漂亮?

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Base16/* a.k.a. Hex */ {
    public static class Encoder{
        private static char[] toLowerHex={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
        private static char[] toUpperHex={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
        private boolean upper;
        public Encoder(boolean upper) {
            this.upper=upper;
        }
        public String encode(byte[] data){
            char[] value=new char[data.length*2];
            char[] toHex=upper?toUpperHex:toLowerHex;
            for(int i=0,j=0; i<data.length; i++){
                int octet=data[i]&0xFF;
                value[j++]=toHex[octet>>4];
                value[j++]=toHex[octet&0xF];
            }
            return new String(value);
        }
        static final Encoder LOWER_CASE=new Encoder(false);
        static final Encoder UPPER_CASE=new Encoder(true);
    }
    public static Encoder getEncoder(){
        return Encoder.LOWER_CASE;
    }
    public static Encoder getUpperEncoder(){
        return Encoder.UPPER_CASE;
    }

    public static class Decoder{
      private static int maxIndex=102;
      private static int[] toIndex;
      static {
        toIndex=new int[maxIndex+1];
        Arrays.fill(toIndex, -1);
        char[] chars={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
        for(int i=0; i<chars.length; i++) {
          toIndex[(int)chars[i]]=i;
        }
      }
      public Decoder() {
      }
      public byte[] decode(String str) {
          char[] value=str.toCharArray();
          int start=0;
          if(value.length>2 && value[0]=='0' && (value[1]=='x' || value[1]=='X')) {
            start=2;
          }
          int byteLength=(value.length-start)/2; // ignore trailing odd char if exists
          byte[] data=new byte[byteLength];
          for(int i=start,j=0;i<value.length;i+=2,j++){
              int i1;
              int i2;
              char c1=value[i];
              char c2=value[i+1];
              if(c1>maxIndex || (i1=toIndex[(int)c1])<0 || c2>maxIndex || (i2=toIndex[(int)c2])<0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid character at "+i);
              }
              data[j]=(byte)((i1<<4)+i2);
          }
          return data;
      }
      static final Decoder IGNORE_CASE=new Decoder();
  }
  public static Decoder getDecoder(){
      return Decoder.IGNORE_CASE;
  }
}

我通常使用以下方法进行debuf语句，但我不知道这是否是最好的方法

private static String digits = "0123456789abcdef";

public static String toHex(byte[] data){
    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
    for (int i = 0; i != data.length; i++)
    {
        int v = data[i] & 0xff;
        buf.append(digits.charAt(v >> 4));
        buf.append(digits.charAt(v & 0xf));
    }
    return buf.toString();
}

从这里的讨论，特别是这个答案，这是我目前使用的函数:

private static final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

My own tiny benchmarks (a million bytes a thousand times, 256 bytes 10 million times) showed it to be much faster than any other alternative, about half the time on long arrays. Compared to the answer I took it from, switching to bitwise ops --- as suggested in the discussion --- cut about 20% off of the time for long arrays. (Edit: When I say it's faster than the alternatives, I mean the alternative code offered in the discussions. Performance is equivalent to Commons Codec, which uses very similar code.)

2k20版本，相对于Java 9的压缩字符串:

private static final byte[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    byte[] hexChars = new byte[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}

如果你想让它更具可读性，并将字节彼此分开，你可以在Java 17+中使用以下代码:

byte[] yourByteArray = { -128, 0, 127 };
String hexString = new String(HexFormat.ofDelimiter(" ").formatHex(yourByteArray));
// 80 00 7f

我更喜欢用这个:

final protected static char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[count * 2];
    for ( int j = 0; j < count; j++ ) {
        int v = bytes[j+offset] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

它是对公认答案的稍微灵活的改编。 就我个人而言，我既保留了公认的答案，也保留了这个重载，以便在更多的环境中使用。

这个怎么样?

    String byteToHex(final byte[] hash)
    {
        Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
        for (byte b : hash)
        {
            formatter.format("%02x", b);
        }
        String result = formatter.toString();
        formatter.close();
        return result;
    }