从这里的讨论，特别是这个答案，这是我目前使用的函数:

private static final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

My own tiny benchmarks (a million bytes a thousand times, 256 bytes 10 million times) showed it to be much faster than any other alternative, about half the time on long arrays. Compared to the answer I took it from, switching to bitwise ops --- as suggested in the discussion --- cut about 20% off of the time for long arrays. (Edit: When I say it's faster than the alternatives, I mean the alternative code offered in the discussions. Performance is equivalent to Commons Codec, which uses very similar code.)

2k20版本，相对于Java 9的压缩字符串:

private static final byte[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    byte[] hexChars = new byte[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}

//移位字节更有效 //你也可以用这个

public static String getHexString (String s) 
{
    byte[] buf = s.getBytes();

    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

    for (byte b:buf)
    {
        sb.append(String.format("%x", b));
    }


        return sb.toString();
}

private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes, int length) {
        if (bytes == null || length == 0) return null;

        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(2*length);

        for (int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++) {
            int b;

            b = 0x0f & (bytes[i] >> 4);
            ret.append("0123456789abcdef".charAt(b));

            b = 0x0f & bytes[i];
            ret.append("0123456789abcdef".charAt(b));
        }

        return ret.toString();
    }

最近我必须实现一个十六进制转换器，以十六进制格式将字节流转储到日志中。最初我是用海克斯做的。encodeHex已经在这里讨论过了。

但是如果你想以一种非常美观/可读的方式来表示字节数组，io.netty.buffer库可能是一个很好的用途，因为它打印出十六进制以及其中的字符串，消除了不可打印的字符。

要求是这样的，

0010   56 56 09 35 32 f0 b2 00 50 4c 45 41 53 45 20 52   VV.52...PLEASE R
0020   45 2d 45 4e 54 45 52 20 4c 41 53 54 20 54 52 41   E-ENTER LAST TRA
0030   4e 53 41 43 54 49 4f 4e 00 04                     NSACTION..

使用io.netty.buffer以一种更美观的方式做到这一点的最短方法是

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

void hexDump(byte[] buf) {
    ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(buf);
    log.trace("Bytes received (Hex)\n" + ByteBufUtil.prettyHexDump(byteBuf.slice()));
}

如果您正在使用maven，请在pom.xml中包含以下依赖项(在netty页面中检查最新版本)

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-buffer</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.68.Final</version>
</dependency>

输出是:

         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000010| 40 40 b3 f3 80 f3 80 f3 80 f1 48 f1 41 f1 4e f1 |@@........H.A.N.|
|00000020| 47 f1 49 f1 4e f1 47 b5 f1 52 f1 4f f1 43 f1 4b |G.I.N.G..R.O.C.K|
|00000030| f3 80 f3 80 41 b4 40 40 f3 80 f3 80 40 f3 80 04 |....A.@@....@...|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+

供您参考，使用答案中讨论的方法的长期方法(可能不是最有效的)是:

public static String hexDump(byte[] buf) throws DecoderException
{
    ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf);
    char[] result = Hex.encodeHex(byteBuf);

    String bin = new String(result).toUpperCase();
    String str = new String(Hex.decodeHex(bin), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

    str = str.replaceAll("[^!-~]", ".");
    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
    int bytes_per_line = 16;

    for (int pos = 0; pos < str.length(); pos += bytes_per_line) {
        out.append(String.format("%04X   ", pos));
        if (2 * (pos + bytes_per_line) >= bin.length()) {
            out.append(String.format("%-" + 2 * bytes_per_line + "s", bin.substring(2 * pos)).replaceAll("..", "$0 "));
        } else {
            out.append(bin.substring(2 * pos, 2 * (pos + bytes_per_line)).replaceAll("..", "$0 "));
        }
        out.append("   ");
        if (pos + bytes_per_line > str.length()) {
            out.append(str.substring(pos));

        } else {
            out.append(str.substring(pos, pos + bytes_per_line));
        }
        out.append("\n");
    }

    return out.toString();
}

HexFormat是在Java 17中加入的:

String hex = HexFormat.of().formatHex(array);

如果您正在为python寻找一模一样的字节数组，我已经将这个Java实现转换为python。

class ByteArray:

@classmethod
def char(cls, args=[]):
    cls.hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".encode('utf-16')
    j = 0
    length = (cls.hexArray)

    if j < length:
        v = j & 0xFF
        hexChars = [None, None]
        hexChars[j * 2] = str( cls.hexArray) + str(v)
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = str(cls.hexArray) + str(v) + str(0x0F)
        # Use if you want...
        #hexChars.pop()

    return str(hexChars)

array = ByteArray()
print array.char(args=[])