从这里的讨论，特别是这个答案，这是我目前使用的函数:

private static final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

My own tiny benchmarks (a million bytes a thousand times, 256 bytes 10 million times) showed it to be much faster than any other alternative, about half the time on long arrays. Compared to the answer I took it from, switching to bitwise ops --- as suggested in the discussion --- cut about 20% off of the time for long arrays. (Edit: When I say it's faster than the alternatives, I mean the alternative code offered in the discussions. Performance is equivalent to Commons Codec, which uses very similar code.)

2k20版本，相对于Java 9的压缩字符串:

private static final byte[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    byte[] hexChars = new byte[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}

在存储查找表的很小代价下，这个实现非常简单和快速。

 private static final char[] BYTE2HEX=(
    "000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F"+
    "101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F"+
    "202122232425262728292A2B2C2D2E2F"+
    "303132333435363738393A3B3C3D3E3F"+
    "404142434445464748494A4B4C4D4E4F"+
    "505152535455565758595A5B5C5D5E5F"+
    "606162636465666768696A6B6C6D6E6F"+
    "707172737475767778797A7B7C7D7E7F"+
    "808182838485868788898A8B8C8D8E8F"+
    "909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F"+
    "A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9AAABACADAEAF"+
    "B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9BABBBCBDBEBF"+
    "C0C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9CACBCCCDCECF"+
    "D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9DADBDCDDDEDF"+
    "E0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9EAEBECEDEEEF"+
    "F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9FAFBFCFDFEFF").toCharArray();
   ; 

  public static String getHexString(byte[] bytes) {
    final int len=bytes.length;
    final char[] chars=new char[len<<1];
    int hexIndex;
    int idx=0;
    int ofs=0;
    while (ofs<len) {
      hexIndex=(bytes[ofs++] & 0xFF)<<1;
      chars[idx++]=BYTE2HEX[hexIndex++];
      chars[idx++]=BYTE2HEX[hexIndex];
    }
    return new String(chars);
  }

HexFormat是在Java 17中加入的:

String hex = HexFormat.of().formatHex(array);

Java 17最终包含HexFormat类，所以你可以简单地做:

HexFormat.of().formatHex(bytes);

它支持配置为小写/大写，分隔符，前缀，后缀等。

  public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
    int len = s.length();
    byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
      data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
        + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
    }
  return data;
  } 

好的，有很多方法可以做到这一点，但如果你决定使用一个库，我建议在你的项目中看看是否已经在一个库中实现了一些东西，而这个库已经是你项目的一部分，然后再添加一个新的库来做到这一点。例如，如果你还没有

org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex

也许你有…

org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.util.HexBin