printf()和cout在c++中的区别是什么?
当前回答
当然，你可以把“something”写得更好一点，以保持维护:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
class Something
{
public:
Something(int x, int y, int z) : a(x), b(y), c(z) { }
int a;
int b;
int c;
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Something&);
void print() const { printf("%i, %i, %i\n", a, b, c); }
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Something& s)
{
o << s.a << ", " << s.b << ", " << s.c;
return o;
}
int main(void)
{
Something s(3, 2, 1);
// Output with printf
s.print(); // Simple as well, isn't it?
// Output with cout
cout << s << endl;
return 0;
}
还有一个cout vs. printf的扩展测试，如果有人想做更多的测试，添加了一个'double'的测试(Visual Studio 2008，可执行文件的发布版本):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
class TimedSection {
char const *d_name;
//timespec d_start;
clock_t d_start;
public:
TimedSection(char const *name) :
d_name(name)
{
//clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &d_start);
d_start = clock();
}
~TimedSection() {
clock_t end;
//clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &end);
end = clock();
double duration = /*1e3 * (end.tv_sec - d_start.tv_sec) +
1e-6 * (end.tv_nsec - d_start.tv_nsec);
*/
(double) (end - d_start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
std::cerr << d_name << '\t' << std::fixed << duration * 1000.0 << " ms\n";
}
};
int main() {
const int iters = 1000000;
char const *text = "01234567890123456789";
{
TimedSection s("cout with only endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with only '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with only '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("\n");
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with string constant and endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << "01234567890123456789" << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with string constant and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << "01234567890123456789\n";
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with string constant and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("01234567890123456789\n");
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with some stuff and endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << "01234567890123456789" << i << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with some stuff and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << "01234567890123456789" << i << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with some stuff and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("%s01234567890123456789%i\n", text, i);
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with formatted double (width & precision once)");
std::cout << std::fixed << std::scientific << std::right << std::showpoint;
std::cout.width(8);
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << 8.315 << i << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with formatted double (width & precision on each call)");
std::cout << std::fixed << std::scientific << std::right << std::showpoint;
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
{ std::cout.width(8);
std::cout.precision(3);
std::cout << text << 8.315 << i << '\n';
}
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with formatted double");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("%8.3f%i\n", 8.315, i);
}
}
结果是:
cout with only endl 6453.000000 ms
cout with only '\n' 125.000000 ms
printf with only '\n' 156.000000 ms
cout with string constant and endl 6937.000000 ms
cout with string constant and '\n' 1391.000000 ms
printf with string constant and '\n' 3391.000000 ms
cout with some stuff and endl 9672.000000 ms
cout with some stuff and '\n' 7296.000000 ms
printf with some stuff and '\n' 12235.000000 ms
cout with formatted double (width & precision once) 7906.000000 ms
cout with formatted double (width & precision on each call) 9141.000000 ms
printf with formatted double 3312.000000 ms
其他回答
当然，你可以把“something”写得更好一点，以保持维护:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
class Something
{
public:
Something(int x, int y, int z) : a(x), b(y), c(z) { }
int a;
int b;
int c;
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Something&);
void print() const { printf("%i, %i, %i\n", a, b, c); }
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Something& s)
{
o << s.a << ", " << s.b << ", " << s.c;
return o;
}
int main(void)
{
Something s(3, 2, 1);
// Output with printf
s.print(); // Simple as well, isn't it?
// Output with cout
cout << s << endl;
return 0;
}
还有一个cout vs. printf的扩展测试，如果有人想做更多的测试，添加了一个'double'的测试(Visual Studio 2008，可执行文件的发布版本):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
class TimedSection {
char const *d_name;
//timespec d_start;
clock_t d_start;
public:
TimedSection(char const *name) :
d_name(name)
{
//clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &d_start);
d_start = clock();
}
~TimedSection() {
clock_t end;
//clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &end);
end = clock();
double duration = /*1e3 * (end.tv_sec - d_start.tv_sec) +
1e-6 * (end.tv_nsec - d_start.tv_nsec);
*/
(double) (end - d_start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
std::cerr << d_name << '\t' << std::fixed << duration * 1000.0 << " ms\n";
}
};
int main() {
const int iters = 1000000;
char const *text = "01234567890123456789";
{
TimedSection s("cout with only endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with only '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with only '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("\n");
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with string constant and endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << "01234567890123456789" << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with string constant and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << "01234567890123456789\n";
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with string constant and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("01234567890123456789\n");
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with some stuff and endl");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << "01234567890123456789" << i << std::endl;
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with some stuff and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << "01234567890123456789" << i << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with some stuff and '\\n'");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("%s01234567890123456789%i\n", text, i);
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with formatted double (width & precision once)");
std::cout << std::fixed << std::scientific << std::right << std::showpoint;
std::cout.width(8);
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
std::cout << text << 8.315 << i << '\n';
}
{
TimedSection s("cout with formatted double (width & precision on each call)");
std::cout << std::fixed << std::scientific << std::right << std::showpoint;
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
{ std::cout.width(8);
std::cout.precision(3);
std::cout << text << 8.315 << i << '\n';
}
}
{
TimedSection s("printf with formatted double");
for (int i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
printf("%8.3f%i\n", 8.315, i);
}
}
结果是:
cout with only endl 6453.000000 ms
cout with only '\n' 125.000000 ms
printf with only '\n' 156.000000 ms
cout with string constant and endl 6937.000000 ms
cout with string constant and '\n' 1391.000000 ms
printf with string constant and '\n' 3391.000000 ms
cout with some stuff and endl 9672.000000 ms
cout with some stuff and '\n' 7296.000000 ms
printf with some stuff and '\n' 12235.000000 ms
cout with formatted double (width & precision once) 7906.000000 ms
cout with formatted double (width & precision on each call) 9141.000000 ms
printf with formatted double 3312.000000 ms
我引用一下:
在高层术语中，主要的区别是类型安全(cstdio 没有它)，性能(大多数iostreams实现都有 比cstdio慢)和可扩展性(iostreams允许 自定义输出目标和用户定义类型的无缝输出)。
TL;DR:在相信在线随机评论之前，一定要自己做研究，考虑生成的机器代码的大小、性能、可读性和编码时间，包括这一条。
我不是专家。我碰巧听到两个同事在讨论如何避免在嵌入式系统中使用c++，因为会导致性能问题。有趣的是，我基于一个真实的项目任务做了一个基准测试。
在该任务中，我们必须向RAM写入一些配置。喜欢的东西:
咖啡=热 糖=没有 牛奶=乳房 mac = AA: BB: CC:弟弟:EE: FF
这是我的基准测试程序(是的，我知道OP询问printf()，而不是fprintf()。试着捕捉本质，顺便说一下，OP的链接指向fprintf()。)
C程序:
char coffee[10], sugar[10], milk[10];
unsigned char mac[6];
/* Initialize those things here. */
FILE * f = fopen("a.txt", "wt");
fprintf(f, "coffee=%s\nsugar=%s\nmilk=%s\nmac=%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", coffee, sugar, milk, mac[0], mac[1],mac[2],mac[3],mac[4],mac[5]);
fclose(f);
c++程序:
//Everything else is identical except:
std::ofstream f("a.txt", std::ios::out);
f << "coffee=" << coffee << "\n";
f << "sugar=" << sugar << "\n";
f << "milk=" << milk << "\n";
f << "mac=" << (int)mac[0] << ":"
<< (int)mac[1] << ":"
<< (int)mac[2] << ":"
<< (int)mac[3] << ":"
<< (int)mac[4] << ":"
<< (int)mac[5] << endl;
f.close();
我尽了最大努力打磨它们，然后把它们都绕了10万次。以下是调查结果:
C程序:
real 0m 8.01s
user 0m 2.37s
sys 0m 5.58s
c++程序:
real 0m 6.07s
user 0m 3.18s
sys 0m 2.84s
目标文件大小:
C - 2,092 bytes
C++ - 3,272 bytes
结论:在我非常特定的平台上，使用非常特定的处理器，运行非常特定版本的Linux内核，运行一个非常特定版本的GCC编译的程序，以完成一个非常特定的任务，我会说c++方法更适合，因为它运行得更快，可读性更好。另一方面，C提供了小的内存占用，在我看来，这几乎没有什么意义，因为程序大小不是我们所关心的。
记住,YMMV。
一个是输出到标准输出的函数。另一个是一个对象，它提供了几个成员函数和输出到stdout的操作符<<的重载。我可以列举更多的不同之处，但我不确定你想要的是什么。
cout<< "Hello";
printf("%s", "Hello");
两者都用于打印值。它们有完全不同的语法。c++两者都有，C 只有printf。
