首先，您不应该通过使用ActivityManager来访问服务。(下面讨论)

Services can run on their own, be bound to an Activity or both. The way to check in an Activity if your Service is running or not is by making an interface (that extends Binder) where you declare methods that both, the Activity and the Service, understand. You can do this by making your own Interface where you declare for example "isServiceRunning()". You can then bind your Activity to your Service, run the method isServiceRunning(), the Service will check for itself if it is running or not and returns a boolean to your Activity.

您还可以使用此方法停止您的服务或以其他方式与之交互。

放轻松，伙计们……：）

我认为最合适的解决方案是在SharedPreferences中保存一个关于服务是否正在运行的键-值对。

逻辑是很直接的;在你的服务等级的任何理想职位;输入一个布尔值，作为服务是否正在运行的标志。然后在应用程序中任意位置读取这个值。

我在我的应用程序中使用的示例代码如下:

在我的服务类(音频流服务)，我执行以下代码时，服务是起;

private void updatePlayerStatus(boolean isRadioPlaying)
{
        SharedPreferences sharedPref = this.getSharedPreferences(getString(R.string.str_shared_file_name), Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPref.edit();
        editor.putBoolean(getString(R.string.str_shared_file_radio_status_key), isRadioPlaying);
        editor.commit();
}

然后在我的应用程序的任何活动中，我在以下代码的帮助下检查服务的状态;

private boolean isRadioRunning() {
        SharedPreferences sharedPref = this.getSharedPreferences(getString(R.string.str_shared_file_name), Context.MODE_PRIVATE);

        return sharedPref.getBoolean(getString(R.string.str_shared_file_radio_status_key), false);
}

没有特殊权限，没有循环……简单的方法，干净的解决方案:)

如果您需要更多的信息，请参考链接

希望这能有所帮助。

我从一个活动内部使用以下:

private boolean isMyServiceRunning(Class<?> serviceClass) {
    ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
    for (RunningServiceInfo service : manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
        if (serviceClass.getName().equals(service.service.getClassName())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

我称之为使用:

isMyServiceRunning(MyService.class)

这是可靠的工作，因为它是基于Android操作系统通过activitymanager# getRunningServices提供的运行服务的信息。

所有使用onDestroy或onSometing事件或binder或静态变量的方法都不会可靠地工作，因为作为开发人员，你永远不知道Android何时决定杀死你的进程，或者调用哪些提到的回调。请注意Android文档中生命周期事件表中的“killable”列。

这是我提出的一个很好的解决方案，但它只适用于运行在单独进程中的服务。这可以通过在manifest中添加一个android:process属性来实现。

<service
        android:name=".ExampleService"
        android:process="com.example.service"
        ...

现在，您的服务将运行在具有给定名称的单独进程中。从你的应用程序你可以打电话

val activityManager = context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
activityManager.runningAppProcesses.any { it.processName == "com.example.service" }

如果服务正在运行，则返回true，否则返回false。

重要提示:请注意，它将显示您的服务是何时启动的，但当您禁用它时(即在系统从它解除绑定后)，该进程仍然是活跃的。所以你可以简单地强制移除它:

override fun onUnbind(intent: Intent?): Boolean {
    stopSelf()
    return super.onUnbind(intent)
}

override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    killProcess(Process.myPid())
}

然后它就完美地工作了。

你可以使用Android开发者选项中的这个选项来查看你的服务是否仍然在后台运行。

1. Open Settings in your Android device.
2. Find Developer Options.
3. Find Running Services option.
4. Find your app icon.
5. You will then see all the service that belongs to your app running in the background.

简单使用绑定不创建自动查看ps和更新…

public abstract class Context {

 ... 

  /*
  * @return {true} If you have successfully bound to the service, 
  *  {false} is returned if the connection is not made 
  *  so you will not receive the service object.
  */
  public abstract boolean bindService(@RequiresPermission Intent service,
        @NonNull ServiceConnection conn, @BindServiceFlags int flags);

例子:

    Intent bindIntent = new Intent(context, Class<Service>);
    boolean bindResult = context.bindService(bindIntent, ServiceConnection, 0);

为什么不使用呢?getRunningServices ()

List<ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo> getRunningServices (int maxNum)
Return a list of the services that are currently running.

注意:此方法仅用于调试或实现服务管理类型的用户界面。

---

附注:android文档具有误导性，我已经在谷歌跟踪器上打开了一个问题，以消除任何疑问:

https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/68908332

正如我们所看到的，绑定服务实际上通过ActivityManager绑定器通过服务缓存绑定器调用了一个事务-我不能跟踪哪个服务负责绑定，但正如我们所看到的，绑定的结果是:

int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(...);
return res != 0;

通过装订本进行交易:

ServiceManager.getService("activity");

下一个:

  public static IBinder getService(String name) {
    try {
        IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
        if (service != null) {
            return service;
        } else {
            return getIServiceManager().getService(name);

这是在ActivityThread中通过:

 public final void bindApplication(...) {

        if (services != null) {
            // Setup the service cache in the ServiceManager
            ServiceManager.initServiceCache(services);
        }

在ActivityManagerService的method中调用:

 private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
            int pid) {
    ...
    thread.bindApplication(... , getCommonServicesLocked(),...)

然后:

 private HashMap<String, IBinder> getCommonServicesLocked() {

但没有“活动”，只有窗口包和报警。

所以我们需要返回调用:

 return getIServiceManager().getService(name);

    sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());

这使呼叫通过:

    mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);

这就导致:

BinderInternal.getContextObject()

这是本地方法....

  /**
     * Return the global "context object" of the system.  This is usually
     * an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find
     * other services.
     */
    public static final native IBinder getContextObject();

我现在没有时间去挖掘c，所以在我解析rest call之前，我暂停了我的回答。

但是检查服务是否正在运行的最好方法是创建bind(如果没有创建bind，则服务不存在)-并通过bind查询服务的状态(在其状态上使用存储的内部标志)。

更新23.06.2018

我发现这些很有趣:

/**
 * Provide a binder to an already-bound service.  This method is synchronous
 * and will not start the target service if it is not present, so it is safe
 * to call from {@link #onReceive}.
 *
 * For peekService() to return a non null {@link android.os.IBinder} interface
 * the service must have published it before. In other words some component
 * must have called {@link android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)} on it.
 *
 * @param myContext The Context that had been passed to {@link #onReceive(Context, Intent)}
 * @param service Identifies the already-bound service you wish to use. See
 * {@link android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)}
 * for more information.
 */
public IBinder peekService(Context myContext, Intent service) {
    IActivityManager am = ActivityManager.getService();
    IBinder binder = null;
    try {
        service.prepareToLeaveProcess(myContext);
        binder = am.peekService(service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                myContext.getContentResolver()), myContext.getOpPackageName());
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
    }
    return binder;
}

简而言之:)

“为已经绑定的服务提供绑定器。此方法是同步的，如果目标服务不存在，则不会启动该服务。”

(Intent service, String resolvedType) String callingPackage)抛出RemoteException;

*

public static IBinder peekService(IBinder remote, Intent service, String resolvedType)
             throws RemoteException {
    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
    Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
    data.writeInterfaceToken("android.app.IActivityManager");
    service.writeToParcel(data, 0);
    data.writeString(resolvedType);
    remote.transact(android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+84, data, reply, 0);
    reply.readException();
    IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();
    reply.recycle();
    data.recycle();
    return binder;
}

*