首先，您不应该通过使用ActivityManager来访问服务。(下面讨论)

Services can run on their own, be bound to an Activity or both. The way to check in an Activity if your Service is running or not is by making an interface (that extends Binder) where you declare methods that both, the Activity and the Service, understand. You can do this by making your own Interface where you declare for example "isServiceRunning()". You can then bind your Activity to your Service, run the method isServiceRunning(), the Service will check for itself if it is running or not and returns a boolean to your Activity.

您还可以使用此方法停止您的服务或以其他方式与之交互。

首先，您不应该通过使用ActivityManager来访问服务。(下面讨论)

Services can run on their own, be bound to an Activity or both. The way to check in an Activity if your Service is running or not is by making an interface (that extends Binder) where you declare methods that both, the Activity and the Service, understand. You can do this by making your own Interface where you declare for example "isServiceRunning()". You can then bind your Activity to your Service, run the method isServiceRunning(), the Service will check for itself if it is running or not and returns a boolean to your Activity.

您还可以使用此方法停止您的服务或以其他方式与之交互。

如果你有一个多模块的应用程序，你想知道服务是否从一个模块运行，这取决于包含该服务的模块，你可以使用这个函数:

fun isServiceRunning(context: Context, serviceClassName: String): Boolean {

    val manager = ContextCompat.getSystemService(
        context,
        ActivityManager::class.java
    ) ?: return false

    return manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE).any { serviceInfo ->
        serviceInfo.service.shortClassName.contains(vpnServiceClassName)
    }
}

MyService服务用法:

isServiceRunning(context, "MyService")

如果服务类名称更改而调用函数没有相应更改，则此函数可能无法正常工作。

另一种方法是使用kotlin。启发了其他用户的回答

fun isMyServiceRunning(serviceClass: Class<*>): Boolean {
    val manager = getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
    return manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
            .any { it.service.className == serviceClass.name }
}

作为kotlin扩展

fun Context.isMyServiceRunning(serviceClass: Class<*>): Boolean {
    val manager = this.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
    return manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
            .any { it.service.className == serviceClass.name }
}

使用

context.isMyServiceRunning(MyService::class.java)

简单使用绑定不创建自动查看ps和更新…

public abstract class Context {

 ... 

  /*
  * @return {true} If you have successfully bound to the service, 
  *  {false} is returned if the connection is not made 
  *  so you will not receive the service object.
  */
  public abstract boolean bindService(@RequiresPermission Intent service,
        @NonNull ServiceConnection conn, @BindServiceFlags int flags);

例子:

    Intent bindIntent = new Intent(context, Class<Service>);
    boolean bindResult = context.bindService(bindIntent, ServiceConnection, 0);

为什么不使用呢?getRunningServices ()

List<ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo> getRunningServices (int maxNum)
Return a list of the services that are currently running.

注意:此方法仅用于调试或实现服务管理类型的用户界面。

---

附注:android文档具有误导性，我已经在谷歌跟踪器上打开了一个问题，以消除任何疑问:

https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/68908332

正如我们所看到的，绑定服务实际上通过ActivityManager绑定器通过服务缓存绑定器调用了一个事务-我不能跟踪哪个服务负责绑定，但正如我们所看到的，绑定的结果是:

int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(...);
return res != 0;

通过装订本进行交易:

ServiceManager.getService("activity");

下一个:

  public static IBinder getService(String name) {
    try {
        IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
        if (service != null) {
            return service;
        } else {
            return getIServiceManager().getService(name);

这是在ActivityThread中通过:

 public final void bindApplication(...) {

        if (services != null) {
            // Setup the service cache in the ServiceManager
            ServiceManager.initServiceCache(services);
        }

在ActivityManagerService的method中调用:

 private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
            int pid) {
    ...
    thread.bindApplication(... , getCommonServicesLocked(),...)

然后:

 private HashMap<String, IBinder> getCommonServicesLocked() {

但没有“活动”，只有窗口包和报警。

所以我们需要返回调用:

 return getIServiceManager().getService(name);

    sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());

这使呼叫通过:

    mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);

这就导致:

BinderInternal.getContextObject()

这是本地方法....

  /**
     * Return the global "context object" of the system.  This is usually
     * an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find
     * other services.
     */
    public static final native IBinder getContextObject();

我现在没有时间去挖掘c，所以在我解析rest call之前，我暂停了我的回答。

但是检查服务是否正在运行的最好方法是创建bind(如果没有创建bind，则服务不存在)-并通过bind查询服务的状态(在其状态上使用存储的内部标志)。

更新23.06.2018

我发现这些很有趣:

/**
 * Provide a binder to an already-bound service.  This method is synchronous
 * and will not start the target service if it is not present, so it is safe
 * to call from {@link #onReceive}.
 *
 * For peekService() to return a non null {@link android.os.IBinder} interface
 * the service must have published it before. In other words some component
 * must have called {@link android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)} on it.
 *
 * @param myContext The Context that had been passed to {@link #onReceive(Context, Intent)}
 * @param service Identifies the already-bound service you wish to use. See
 * {@link android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)}
 * for more information.
 */
public IBinder peekService(Context myContext, Intent service) {
    IActivityManager am = ActivityManager.getService();
    IBinder binder = null;
    try {
        service.prepareToLeaveProcess(myContext);
        binder = am.peekService(service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                myContext.getContentResolver()), myContext.getOpPackageName());
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
    }
    return binder;
}

简而言之:)

“为已经绑定的服务提供绑定器。此方法是同步的，如果目标服务不存在，则不会启动该服务。”

(Intent service, String resolvedType) String callingPackage)抛出RemoteException;

*

public static IBinder peekService(IBinder remote, Intent service, String resolvedType)
             throws RemoteException {
    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
    Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
    data.writeInterfaceToken("android.app.IActivityManager");
    service.writeToParcel(data, 0);
    data.writeString(resolvedType);
    remote.transact(android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION+84, data, reply, 0);
    reply.readException();
    IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();
    reply.recycle();
    data.recycle();
    return binder;
}

*

我只是想给@Snicolas的答案加上一个注释。以下步骤可以使用/不调用onDestroy()来检查停止服务。

onDestroy() called: Go to Settings -> Application -> Running Services ->选择并停止服务。 onDestroy()未调用:转到设置->应用程序->管理应用程序->选择并“强制停止”您的应用程序，其中您的服务正在运行。但是，由于您的应用程序在这里停止，因此服务实例也肯定会停止。

最后，我想提一下，在单例类中使用静态变量的方法对我来说是有效的。