java中有静态类吗?

单例就像一个静态类。我很惊讶居然没人提起过。

public final class ClassSingleton { 

private static ClassSingleton INSTANCE;
private String info = "Initial info class";

private ClassSingleton() {        
}

public static ClassSingleton getInstance() {
    if(INSTANCE == null) {
        INSTANCE = new ClassSingleton();
    }
    
    return INSTANCE;
}

// getters and setters

public String getInfo(){
    return info;
  }
}

用法是这样的:

String infoFromSingleton = ClassSingleton.getInstance().getInfo()

单例非常适合存储数组列表/列表/集合类等…如果您经常从多个区域收集、更新、复制集合，并且需要这些集合保持同步。或者多对一。

静态方法意味着可以在不创建类对象的情况下访问它，这与public方法不同:

public class MyClass {
   // Static method
   static void myStaticMethod() {
      System.out.println("Static methods can be called without creating objects");
   }

  // Public method
  public void myPublicMethod() {
      System.out.println("Public methods must be called by creating objects");
   }

  // Main method
  public static void main(String[ ] args) {
      myStaticMethod(); // Call the static method
    // myPublicMethod(); This would output an error

    MyClass myObj = new MyClass(); // Create an object of MyClass
    myObj.myPublicMethod(); // Call the public method
  }
}

外部类不能是静态的，但嵌套/内部类可以。这基本上可以帮助您使用嵌套/内部类，而无需创建外部类的实例。

Java有静态嵌套类，但听起来像是在寻找顶级静态类。Java没有办法让顶级类成为静态的，但是你可以像这样模拟一个静态类:

Declare your class final - Prevents extension of the class since extending a static class makes no sense Make the constructor private - Prevents instantiation by client code as it makes no sense to instantiate a static class Make all the members and functions of the class static - Since the class cannot be instantiated no instance methods can be called or instance fields accessed Note that the compiler will not prevent you from declaring an instance (non-static) member. The issue will only show up if you attempt to call the instance member

以上建议的简单例子:

public class TestMyStaticClass {
     public static void main(String []args){
        MyStaticClass.setMyStaticMember(5);
        System.out.println("Static value: " + MyStaticClass.getMyStaticMember());
        System.out.println("Value squared: " + MyStaticClass.squareMyStaticMember());
        // MyStaticClass x = new MyStaticClass(); // results in compile time error
     }
}

// A top-level Java class mimicking static class behavior
public final class MyStaticClass {
    private MyStaticClass () { // private constructor
        myStaticMember = 1;
    }
    private static int myStaticMember;
    public static void setMyStaticMember(int val) {
        myStaticMember = val;
    }
    public static int getMyStaticMember() {
        return myStaticMember;
    }
    public static int squareMyStaticMember() {
        return myStaticMember * myStaticMember;
    }
}

What good are static classes? A good use of a static class is in defining one-off, utility and/or library classes where instantiation would not make sense. A great example is the Math class that contains some mathematical constants such as PI and E and simply provides mathematical calculations. Requiring instantiation in such a case would be unnecessary and confusing. See the Math class and source code. Notice that it is final and all of its members are static. If Java allowed top-level classes to be declared static then the Math class would indeed be static.

简单地说，Java只支持将一个类声明为内部类的静态，而不支持将顶级类声明为静态。

顶级类:一个java项目在每个java源文件中可以包含多个顶级类，其中一个类以文件名命名。在顶级类前面只允许有三个选项或关键字，public、abstract和final。

内部类:在顶级类内部的类称为内部类，这基本上是嵌套类的概念。内部类可以是静态的。使内部类静态的想法是利用实例化内部类的对象而不实例化顶层类的对象的优势。这与顶级类中的静态方法和变量的工作方式完全相同。

因此Java支持内部类级别的静态类(在嵌套类中)

Java不支持顶级类的静态类。

我希望这可以为基本理解Java中的静态类提供一个更简单的解决方案。

当类中的成员被声明为静态时会发生什么?可以在不实例化类的情况下访问成员。因此，使外部类(顶级类)静态是没有意义的。因此这是不允许的。

但是你可以将内部类设置为静态的(因为它是顶级类的成员)。然后可以在不实例化顶级类的情况下访问该类。考虑下面的例子。

public class A {
    public static class B {

    }
}

现在，在不同的类C中，类B可以在不创建类a实例的情况下被访问。

public class C {
    A.B ab = new A.B();
}

静态类也可以有非静态成员。只有类是静态的。

但是如果static关键字从类B中删除，则在不创建A的实例的情况下不能直接访问它。

public class C {
    A a = new A();
    A.B ab = a. new B();
}

但是在非静态内部类中不能有静态成员。