在以上回答的基础上补充几点: 德尔x

x的定义表示r -> o(一个引用r指向一个对象o)，但del x改变的是r而不是o。这是一个对对象的引用(指针)的操作，而不是与x相关的对象。区分r和o是这里的关键。

It removes it from locals(). Removes it from globals() if x belongs there. Removes it from the stack frame (removes the reference physically from it, but the object itself resides in object pool and not in the stack frame). Removes it from the current scope. It is very useful to limit the span of definition of a local variable, which otherwise can cause problems. It is more about declaration of the name rather than definition of content. It affects where x belongs to, not where x points to. The only physical change in memory is this. For example if x is in a dictionary or list, it (as a reference) is removed from there(and not necessarily from the object pool). In this example, the dictionary it belongs is the stack frame (locals()), which overlaps with globals().

del is the equivalent of "unset" in many languages and as a cross reference point moving from another language to python.. people tend to look for commands that do the same thing that they used to do in their first language... also setting a var to "" or none doesn't really remove the var from scope..it just empties its value the name of the var itself would still be stored in memory...why?!? in a memory intensive script..keeping trash behind its just a no no and anyways...every language out there has some form of an "unset/delete" var function..why not python?

有一次我不得不使用:

del serial
serial = None

因为只使用:

serial = None

没有及时释放串口，无法立即再次打开。 从这一课中，我了解到del的真正意思是:“现在就开始!然后等待直到它完成”这在很多情况下都很有用。当然，你可能有一个system.gc.del_this_and_wait_balbalba (obj)。

除非重新初始化，否则Del将从当前作用域删除变量。将其设置为None将其保留在当前范围内。

a = "python string"        
print(a)
del a
print(a)
a = "new python string"
print(a)

输出:

python string
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "testing.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(a)
NameError: name 'a' is not defined

我想详细说明公认的答案，以强调将变量设置为None与使用del删除变量之间的细微差别:

给定变量foo = 'bar'，函数定义如下:

def test_var(var):
    if var:
        print('variable tested true')
    else:
        print('variable tested false')

一旦初始声明，test_var(foo)产生的变量测试为true。

现在试一试:

foo = None
test_var(foo)

它产生的变量测试为假。

将这种行为与以下行为进行对比:

del foo
test_var(foo)

现在会引发NameError: name 'foo'没有定义。

还有一个小众用途: 在带有ROOT5或ROOT6的pyroot中，"del"可以用于删除引用不再存在的c++对象的python对象。这允许pyroot的动态查找找到同名的c++对象，并将其绑定到python名称。所以你可以有这样一个场景:

import ROOT as R
input_file = R.TFile('inputs/___my_file_name___.root')
tree = input_file.Get('r')
tree.Draw('hy>>hh(10,0,5)')
R.gPad.Close()
R.hy # shows that hy is still available. It can even be redrawn at this stage.
tree.Draw('hy>>hh(3,0,3)') # overwrites the C++ object in ROOT's namespace
R.hy # shows that R.hy is None, since the C++ object it pointed to is gone
del R.hy
R.hy # now finds the new C++ object

希望ROOT7的更健全的对象管理能够填补这个空缺。