整个问题的关键在这里:

if (-1 == index) {
    throw ADP.IndexOutOfRange(fieldName);
}

如果引用的三行(目前是第72、73和74行)被删除，那么您可以很容易地检查-1，以确定列是否不存在。

确保本机性能的唯一方法是使用基于反射的实现，如下所示:

Usings:

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Compilation; // I'm not sure what the .NET Core equivalent to BuildManager.cs

基于反射的扩展方法:

/// Gets the column ordinal, given the name of the column.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="reader"></param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the column.</param>
/// <returns> The zero-based column ordinal. -1 if the column does not exist.</returns>
public static int GetOrdinalSoft(this SqlDataReader reader, string name)
{
    try
    {
        // Note that "Statistics" will not be accounted for in this implemenation
        // If you have SqlConnection.StatisticsEnabled set to true (the default is false), you probably don't want to use this method
        // All of the following logic is inspired by the actual implementation of the framework:
        // https://referencesource.microsoft.com/#System.Data/fx/src/data/System/Data/SqlClient/SqlDataReader.cs,d66096b6f57cac74
        if (name == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("fieldName");

        Type sqlDataReaderType = typeof(SqlDataReader);
        object fieldNameLookup = sqlDataReaderType.GetField("_fieldNameLookup", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance).GetValue(reader);
        Type fieldNameLookupType;
        if (fieldNameLookup == null)
        {
            MethodInfo checkMetaDataIsReady = sqlDataReaderType.GetRuntimeMethods().First(x => x.Name == "CheckMetaDataIsReady" && x.GetParameters().Length == 0);
            checkMetaDataIsReady.Invoke(reader, null);
            fieldNameLookupType = BuildManager.GetType("System.Data.ProviderBase.FieldNameLookup", true, false);
            ConstructorInfo ctor = fieldNameLookupType.GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(SqlDataReader), typeof(int) });
            fieldNameLookup = ctor.Invoke(new object[] { reader, sqlDataReaderType.GetField("_defaultLCID", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance).GetValue(reader) });
        }
        else
            fieldNameLookupType = fieldNameLookup.GetType();

        MethodInfo indexOf = fieldNameLookupType.GetMethod("IndexOf", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new Type[] { typeof(string) }, null);

        return (int)indexOf.Invoke(fieldNameLookup, new object[] { name });
    }
    catch
    {
        // .NET Implemenation might have changed, revert back to the classic solution.
        if (reader.FieldCount > 11) // Performance observation by b_levitt
        {
            try
            {
                return reader.GetOrdinal(name);
            }
            catch
            {
                return -1;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            var exists = Enumerable.Range(0, reader.FieldCount).Any(i => string.Equals(reader.GetName(i), name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
            if (exists)
                return reader.GetOrdinal(name);
            else
                return -1;
        }
    }
}

public static bool DataViewColumnExists(DataView dv, string columnName)
{
    return DataTableColumnExists(dv.Table, columnName);
}

public static bool DataTableColumnExists(DataTable dt, string columnName)
{
    string DebugTrace = "Utils::DataTableColumnExists(" + dt.ToString() + ")";
    try
    {
        return dt.Columns.Contains(columnName);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new MyExceptionHandler(ex, DebugTrace);
    }
}

列。Contains不区分大小写。

我的数据访问类需要向后兼容，所以我可能会尝试访问一个发行版中数据库中还不存在的列。我们有一些相当大的数据集要返回，所以我不太喜欢必须为每个属性迭代DataReader列集合的扩展方法。

我有一个实用程序类，它创建一个列的私有列表，然后有一个泛型方法，尝试基于列名和输出参数类型解析值。

private List<string> _lstString;

public void GetValueByParameter<T>(IDataReader dr, string parameterName, out T returnValue)
{
    returnValue = default(T);

    if (!_lstString.Contains(parameterName))
    {
        Logger.Instance.LogVerbose(this, "missing parameter: " + parameterName);
        return;
    }

    try
    {
        if (dr[parameterName] != null && [parameterName] != DBNull.Value)
            returnValue = (T)dr[parameterName];
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Logger.Instance.LogException(this, ex);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Reset the global list of columns to reflect the fields in the IDataReader
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dr">The IDataReader being acted upon</param>
/// <param name="NextResult">Advances IDataReader to next result</param>
public void ResetSchemaTable(IDataReader dr, bool nextResult)
{
    if (nextResult)
        dr.NextResult();

    _lstString = new List<string>();

    using (DataTable dataTableSchema = dr.GetSchemaTable())
    {
        if (dataTableSchema != null)
        {
            foreach (DataRow row in dataTableSchema.Rows)
            {
                _lstString.Add(row[dataTableSchema.Columns["ColumnName"]].ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

然后我可以像这样调用我的代码

using (var dr = ExecuteReader(databaseCommand))
{
    int? outInt;
    string outString;

    Utility.ResetSchemaTable(dr, false);        
    while (dr.Read())
    {
        Utility.GetValueByParameter(dr, "SomeColumn", out outInt);
        if (outInt.HasValue) myIntField = outInt.Value;
    }

    Utility.ResetSchemaTable(dr, true);
    while (dr.Read())
    {
        Utility.GetValueByParameter(dr, "AnotherColumn", out outString);
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(outString)) myIntField = outString;
    }
}

下面的方法很简单，对我来说很有效:

 bool hasMyColumn = (reader.GetSchemaTable().Select("ColumnName = 'MyColumnName'").Count() == 1);

public static class DataRecordExtensions
{
    public static bool HasColumn(this IDataRecord dr, string columnName)
    {
        for (int i=0; i < dr.FieldCount; i++)
        {
            if (dr.GetName(i).Equals(columnName, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

在控制逻辑中使用异常被认为是不好的做法，并且会带来性能损失。它还会将抛出的# exceptions错误消息发送给分析器，并帮助任何人设置调试器在抛出异常时中断。

GetSchemaTable()也是许多答案中的另一个建议。这不是检查字段是否存在的首选方法，因为它不是在所有版本中都实现的(它是抽象的，并且在dotnetcore的某些版本中抛出NotSupportedException)。GetSchemaTable在性能方面也是过度消耗的，因为如果您查看源代码，它是一个相当繁重的函数。

如果您经常使用循环遍历字段，则可能会对性能造成较小的影响，您可能需要考虑缓存结果。

我也没有让GetSchemaTable工作，直到我发现了这种方法。

基本上我是这样做的:

Dim myView As DataView = dr.GetSchemaTable().DefaultView
myView.RowFilter = "ColumnName = 'ColumnToBeChecked'"

If myView.Count > 0 AndAlso dr.GetOrdinal("ColumnToBeChecked") <> -1 Then
  obj.ColumnToBeChecked = ColumnFromDb(dr, "ColumnToBeChecked")
End If