更改GetXxx API方法以返回HttpResponseMessage，然后返回完整响应的类型化版本和NotModified响应的非类型化版本。

    public HttpResponseMessage GetComputingDevice(string id)
    {
        ComputingDevice computingDevice =
            _db.Devices.OfType<ComputingDevice>()
                .SingleOrDefault(c => c.AssetId == id);

        if (computingDevice == null)
        {
            return this.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
        }

        if (this.Request.ClientHasStaleData(computingDevice.ModifiedDate))
        {
            return this.Request.CreateResponse<ComputingDevice>(
                HttpStatusCode.OK, computingDevice);
        }
        else
        {
            return this.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotModified);
        }
    }

* ClientHasStale数据是我的扩展检查ETag和IfModifiedSince头。

MVC框架仍然应该序列化并返回您的对象。

NOTE

我认为通用版本将在未来的Web API版本中被删除。

我不喜欢改变我的签名来使用HttpCreateResponse类型，所以我提出了一个扩展的解决方案来隐藏它。

public class HttpActionResult : IHttpActionResult
{
    public HttpActionResult(HttpRequestMessage request) : this(request, HttpStatusCode.OK)
    {
    }

    public HttpActionResult(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpStatusCode code) : this(request, code, null)
    {
    }

    public HttpActionResult(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpStatusCode code, object result)
    {
        Request = request;
        Code = code;
        Result = result;
    }

    public HttpRequestMessage Request { get; }
    public HttpStatusCode Code { get; }
    public object Result { get; }

    public Task<HttpResponseMessage> ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(Request.CreateResponse(Code, Result));
    }
}

然后你可以添加一个方法到你的ApiController(或者更好的是你的基本控制器)，像这样:

protected IHttpActionResult CustomResult(HttpStatusCode code, object data) 
{
    // Request here is the property on the controller.
    return new HttpActionResult(Request, code, data);
}

然后你可以像任何内置方法一样返回它:

[HttpPost]
public IHttpActionResult Post(Model model)
{
    return model.Id == 1 ?
                Ok() :
                CustomResult(HttpStatusCode.NotAcceptable, new { 
                    data = model, 
                    error = "The ID needs to be 1." 
                });
}

我不知道答案所以问ASP。NET团队。

因此，诀窍是将签名更改为HttpResponseMessage并使用Request.CreateResponse。

[ResponseType(typeof(User))]
public HttpResponseMessage GetUser(HttpRequestMessage request, int userId, DateTime lastModifiedAtClient)
{
    var user = new DataEntities().Users.First(p => p.Id == userId);
    if (user.LastModified <= lastModifiedAtClient)
    {
         return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotModified);
    }
    return request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, user);
}

我讨厌撞旧文章，但这是在谷歌搜索的第一个结果，我有一个问题(即使有你们的支持)。所以这里什么都没有……

希望我的解决方案能帮助那些同样感到困惑的人。

namespace MyApplication.WebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class BaseController : ApiController
    {
        public T SendResponse<T>(T response, HttpStatusCode statusCode = HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
            if (statusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
            {
                // leave it up to microsoft to make this way more complicated than it needs to be
                // seriously i used to be able to just set the status and leave it at that but nooo... now 
                // i need to throw an exception 
                var badResponse =
                    new HttpResponseMessage(statusCode)
                    {
                        Content =  new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
                    };

                throw new HttpResponseException(badResponse);
            }
            return response;
        }
    }
}

然后从BaseController继承

[RoutePrefix("api/devicemanagement")]
public class DeviceManagementController : BaseController
{...

然后使用它

[HttpGet]
[Route("device/search/{property}/{value}")]
public SearchForDeviceResponse SearchForDevice(string property, string value)
{
    //todo: limit search property here?
    var response = new SearchForDeviceResponse();

    var results = _deviceManagementBusiness.SearchForDevices(property, value);

    response.Success = true;
    response.Data = results;

    var statusCode = results == null || !results.Any() ? HttpStatusCode.NoContent : HttpStatusCode.OK;

    return SendResponse(response, statusCode);
}

我知道这里有几个很好的答案，但这是我需要的，所以我想我应该添加这个代码，以防任何人需要返回任何状态代码和响应体，他们想在4.7。x与webAPI。

public class DuplicateResponseResult<TResponse> : IHttpActionResult
{
    private TResponse _response;
    private HttpStatusCode _statusCode;
    private HttpRequestMessage _httpRequestMessage;
    public DuplicateResponseResult(HttpRequestMessage httpRequestMessage, TResponse response, HttpStatusCode statusCode)
    {
        _httpRequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;
        _response = response;
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }

    public Task<HttpResponseMessage> ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        var response = new HttpResponseMessage(_statusCode);
        return Task.FromResult(_httpRequestMessage.CreateResponse(_statusCode, _response));
    }
}

如果您希望将操作签名保留为返回User，还可以执行以下操作:

public User GetUser(int userId, DateTime lastModifiedAtClient) 

如果你想返回200以外的值，那么你在你的动作中抛出一个HttpResponseException，并传递你想要发送给客户端的HttpResponseMessage。