在研究这个主题时，我发现了这个概念验证代码(通过http://jlebar.com/2010/2/1/Replacing_Bash.html上的评论)，它让你“使用简洁的语法在Python中编写类似shell的管道，并在有意义的地方利用现有的系统工具”:

for line in sh("cat /tmp/junk2") | cut(d=',',f=1) | 'sort' | uniq:
    sys.stdout.write(line)

我建议你看一本很棒的在线书籍Dive Into Python。这就是我最初学习这门语言的方式。

除了教你语言的基本结构和大量有用的数据结构之外，它还有一个关于文件处理的很好的章节，以及关于正则表达式等的后续章节。

任何shell都有几组特性。

The Essential Linux/Unix commands. All of these are available through the subprocess library. This isn't always the best first choice for doing all external commands. Look also at shutil for some commands that are separate Linux commands, but you could probably implement directly in your Python scripts. Another huge batch of Linux commands are in the os library; you can do these more simply in Python. And -- bonus! -- more quickly. Each separate Linux command in the shell (with a few exceptions) forks a subprocess. By using Python shutil and os modules, you don't fork a subprocess. The shell environment features. This includes stuff that sets a command's environment (current directory and environment variables and what-not). You can easily manage this from Python directly. The shell programming features. This is all the process status code checking, the various logic commands (if, while, for, etc.) the test command and all of it's relatives. The function definition stuff. This is all much, much easier in Python. This is one of the huge victories in getting rid of bash and doing it in Python. Interaction features. This includes command history and what-not. You don't need this for writing shell scripts. This is only for human interaction, and not for script-writing. The shell file management features. This includes redirection and pipelines. This is trickier. Much of this can be done with subprocess. But some things that are easy in the shell are unpleasant in Python. Specifically stuff like (a | b; c ) | something >result. This runs two processes in parallel (with output of a as input to b), followed by a third process. The output from that sequence is run in parallel with something and the output is collected into a file named result. That's just complex to express in any other language.

特定的程序(awk、sed、grep等)通常可以被重写为Python模块。不要走极端。替换您需要的内容并改进“grep”模块。不要一开始就编写一个替换“grep”的Python模块。

最好的事情是你可以一步一步来做。

用Python替换AWK和PERL。不要管其他的事情。 看看用Python替换GREP。这可能有点复杂，但是您的GREP版本可以根据您的处理需求进行定制。 看看用使用os.walk的Python循环替换FIND。这是一个巨大的胜利，因为您不需要生成那么多的进程。 看看用Python脚本替换常见的shell逻辑(循环、决策等)。

添加到前面的答案:检查pexpect模块处理交互式命令(adduser, passwd等)

我在PyPI: ez上发布了一个包。 使用pip install ez进行安装。

它在shell中打包了通用命令，我的库使用了与shell基本相同的语法。例如，cp(源，目标)可以同时处理文件和文件夹!(书纸的包装。shutil副本。Copytree，它决定什么时候使用哪个)。更妙的是，它可以支持像R!

另一个例子:没有os。Walk，使用fls(path, regex)递归地查找文件并使用正则表达式进行过滤，它将返回带有或没有全路径的文件列表

最后一个例子:你可以结合它们来编写非常简单的脚本: Files = fls('.'，'py$');文件,myDir (cp)

一定要去看看!我花了几百个小时来编写/改进它!

最好的选择是专门针对您的问题的工具。如果它正在处理文本文件，那么Sed、Awk和Perl是最佳竞争者。Python是一种通用动态语言。与任何通用语言一样，它支持文件操作，但这不是它的核心目的。如果我特别需要一种动态语言，我会考虑Python或Ruby。

简而言之，非常好地学习Sed和Awk，以及所有其他随*nix风格而来的好东西(所有Bash内置，grep, tr等等)。如果您感兴趣的是文本文件处理，那么您已经使用了正确的方法。