我目前通过一堆不好记的AWK、sed、Bash和一小部分Perl来做我的文本文件操作。

我已经看到提到的一些地方,python很适合做这种事情。我如何使用Python来代替shell脚本,AWK, sed和朋友?


当前回答

在研究这个主题时,我发现了这个概念验证代码(通过http://jlebar.com/2010/2/1/Replacing_Bash.html上的评论),它让你“使用简洁的语法在Python中编写类似shell的管道,并在有意义的地方利用现有的系统工具”:

for line in sh("cat /tmp/junk2") | cut(d=',',f=1) | 'sort' | uniq:
    sys.stdout.write(line)

其他回答

我已经构建了半长的shell脚本(300-500行)和Python代码,它们具有类似的功能。当执行许多外部命令时,我发现shell更容易使用。当有大量文本操作时,Perl也是一个很好的选择。

我喜欢Python的一个原因是它比POSIX工具更加标准化。我必须反复检查每个比特是否与其他操作系统兼容。在Linux系统上编写的程序在OSX的BSD系统上可能无法正常工作。对于Python,我只需要检查目标系统是否有足够现代的Python版本。

更棒的是,用标准Python编写的程序甚至可以在Windows上运行!

Pythonpy是一个工具,可以方便地访问awk和sed的许多特性,但使用python语法:

$ echo me2 | py -x 're.sub("me", "you", x)'
you2

In the beginning there was sh, sed, and awk (and find, and grep, and...). It was good. But awk can be an odd little beast and hard to remember if you don't use it often. Then the great camel created Perl. Perl was a system administrator's dream. It was like shell scripting on steroids. Text processing, including regular expressions were just part of the language. Then it got ugly... People tried to make big applications with Perl. Now, don't get me wrong, Perl can be an application, but it can (can!) look like a mess if you're not really careful. Then there is all this flat data business. It's enough to drive a programmer nuts.

进入Python、Ruby等。这些都是非常好的通用语言。它们支持文本处理,并且做得很好(尽管可能与语言的基本核心没有那么紧密地交织在一起)。但它们也可以很好地扩展,并且在一天结束时仍然有漂亮的代码。他们还发展了相当庞大的社区,有大量的图书馆,几乎可以提供任何东西。

Now, much of the negativeness towards Perl is a matter of opinion, and certainly some people can write very clean Perl, but with this many people complaining about it being too easy to create obfuscated code, you know some grain of truth is there. The question really becomes then, are you ever going to use this language for more than simple bash script replacements. If not, learn some more Perl.. it is absolutely fantastic for that. If, on the other hand, you want a language that will grow with you as you want to do more, may I suggest Python or Ruby.

不管怎样,祝你好运!

截至2015年和Python 3.4的发布,现在有一个相当完整的用户交互shell: http://xon.sh/或https://github.com/scopatz/xonsh

演示视频没有显示正在使用的管道,但是在默认shell模式下支持管道。

Xonsh(“conch”)非常努力地模仿bash,因此您已经获得了肌肉记忆,例如

env | uniq | sort -r | grep PATH

or

my-web-server 2>&1 | my-log-sorter

仍然可以正常工作。

本教程相当冗长,似乎涵盖了人们通常在ash或bash提示符时所期望的大量功能:

Compiles, Evaluates, & Executes! Command History and Tab Completion Help & Superhelp with ? & ?? Aliases & Customized Prompts Executes Commands and/or *.xsh Scripts which can also be imported Environment Variables including Lookup with ${} Input/Output Redirection and Combining Background Jobs & Job Control Nesting Subprocesses, Pipes, and Coprocesses Subprocess-mode when a command exists, Python-mode otherwise Captured Subprocess with $(), Uncaptured Subprocess with $[], Python Evaluation with @() Filename Globbing with * or Regular Expression Filename Globbing with Backticks