是否可以在JavaScript中以编程方式模拟按键事件?
当前回答
这种方法支持跨浏览器更改键代码的值。 源
var $textBox = $("#myTextBox");
var press = jQuery.Event("keypress");
press.altGraphKey = false;
press.altKey = false;
press.bubbles = true;
press.cancelBubble = false;
press.cancelable = true;
press.charCode = 13;
press.clipboardData = undefined;
press.ctrlKey = false;
press.currentTarget = $textBox[0];
press.defaultPrevented = false;
press.detail = 0;
press.eventPhase = 2;
press.keyCode = 13;
press.keyIdentifier = "";
press.keyLocation = 0;
press.layerX = 0;
press.layerY = 0;
press.metaKey = false;
press.pageX = 0;
press.pageY = 0;
press.returnValue = true;
press.shiftKey = false;
press.srcElement = $textBox[0];
press.target = $textBox[0];
press.type = "keypress";
press.view = Window;
press.which = 13;
$textBox.trigger(press);
其他回答
你可以在EventTarget(元素,窗口,文档等)上分派键盘事件,如下所示:
element.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', {'key': 'a'}));
但是,dispatchEvent可能不会更新输入字段值,也可能不会触发常规键盘按下的行为,这可能是因为Event的原因。itrusted property,我不知道是否有办法绕过
但是你也可以通过设置输入值来改变输入。
element.value += "a";
例子:
let element = document.querySelector('input'); 元素。Onkeydown = e =>警报(e.key); changeValButton。Onclick =() =>元素。Value += "a"; dispatchButton。Onclick = () => { 元素。dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', {'key': 'a'})); } <输入/ > <button id="dispatchButton">按下分派事件</button> <button id="changeValButton">按下按钮更改值</button> . </button id="changeValButton">
您可以根据需要向事件添加更多属性,如本答案所示。看一下KeyboardEvent文档
element.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent("keydown", {
key: "e",
keyCode: 69, // example values.
code: "KeyE", // put everything you need in this object.
which: 69,
shiftKey: false, // you don't need to include values
ctrlKey: false, // if you aren't going to use them.
metaKey: false // these are here for example's sake.
}));
此外,由于keypress已弃用,您可以使用keydown + keyup,例如:
element.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', {'key':'Shift'} ));
element.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent( 'keyup' , {'key':'Shift'} ));
对于使用ReactJS的页面,这是一个尝试模拟键盘行为的线程
在alex2k8的基础上,这里有一个修订版,可以在jQuery支持的所有浏览器中工作(问题是缺少jQuery.event的参数。触发器,在使用内部函数时很容易忘记它)。
// jQuery plugin. Called on a jQuery object, not directly.
jQuery.fn.simulateKeyPress = function (character) {
// Internally calls jQuery.event.trigger with arguments (Event, data, elem).
// That last argument, 'elem', is very important!
jQuery(this).trigger({ type: 'keypress', which: character.charCodeAt(0) });
};
jQuery(function ($) {
// Bind event handler
$('body').keypress(function (e) {
alert(String.fromCharCode(e.which));
console.log(e);
});
// Simulate the key press
$('body').simulateKeyPress('x');
});
您甚至可以更进一步,让它不仅模拟事件,而且实际插入字符(如果它是一个输入元素),但是在尝试这样做时,有许多跨浏览器的问题。最好使用更精致的插件,如SendKeys。
对于那些感兴趣的人,您可以可靠地重新创建键盘输入事件。为了更改输入区域中的文本(移动游标,或通过输入字符移动页面),必须严格遵循DOM事件模型:http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#h4_events-inputevents
该模型应该做到:
焦点(使用目标设置在DOM上分派)
然后对于每个字符:
keydown(在DOM上分派) Beforeinput(如果它是一个文本区域或输入,在目标分派) 按键(在DOM上分派) 输入(如果是文本区域或输入,则在目标处分派) 改变(如果它是一个选择,在目标分派) keyup(在DOM上分派)
然后,可选的大多数:
模糊(随目标设置在DOM上分派)
这实际上是通过javascript改变页面中的文本(不修改值语句),并适当地设置任何javascript侦听器/处理程序。如果你把顺序弄乱了,javascript就不会按适当的顺序触发,输入框中的文本不会改变,选择不会改变,或者光标不会移动到文本区域的下一个空格。
不幸的是,代码是为雇主写的,所以我不能分享它,但这绝对是可能的,但你必须以正确的顺序为每个元素重新创建整个关键输入“堆栈”。
编辑:我不是这个答案的原始海报,但我已经测试过了,我不能让它更新输入字段。下面是一个代码片段,其中的代码供其他人尝试或查看
let element = document.querySelector('input'); element.onkeydown = e => console.log('keydown on element: ' + e.key); document.onkeydown = e => console.log('keydown on document: ' + e.key + " " + e.target); dispatchButton.onclick = () => dispatchKey(element, 'a') dispatchKey = (target, key) => { let dom = document; // focus (dispatched on the DOM with the target set) let ev = new Event('focus', {target: target}); // this part seems to not work? when logging the // target in the onkeypress function it shows `document` instead of `input` // I also tried these and got the same behavior // ev.target = target; // and // Object.defineProperty(ev, 'target', {writable: false, value: target}); dom.dispatchEvent(ev); // keydown (dispatched on the DOM) dom.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', {'key': key, target: target})); // beforeinput (dispatched at the target if it's a textarea or input) target.dispatchEvent(new Event('beforeinput')); // keypress (dispatched on the DOM) dom.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keypress', {'key': key})); // input (dispatched at the target if it's a textarea or input) target.dispatchEvent(new Event('input')); // change (dispatched at the target if it's a select) // keyup (dispatched on the DOM) dom.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keyup', {'key': key})); // Then, optionally for most: // blur (dispatched on the DOM with the target set) dom.dispatchEvent(new Event('blur', {target: target})); console.log('dispatched'); } <input/> <button id="dispatchButton">Press to dispatch events </button>
你可以使用dispatchEvent():
function simulateKeyPress() {
var evt = document.createEvent("KeyboardEvent");
evt.initKeyboardEvent("keypress", true, true, window,
0, 0, 0, 0,
0, "e".charCodeAt(0))
var body = document.body;
var canceled = !body.dispatchEvent(evt);
if(canceled) {
// A handler called preventDefault
alert("canceled");
} else {
// None of the handlers called preventDefault
alert("not canceled");
}
}
我没有对此进行测试,但它改编自dispatchEvent()文档中的代码。您可能需要通读这些文档,以及createEvent()和initKeyEvent()的文档。
您可以创建和分派键盘事件,它们将触发相应的已注册事件处理程序,但是,如果分派到input元素,则不会产生任何文本。
要完全模拟文本输入,您需要生成一系列键盘事件,并显式地设置input元素的文本。事件的顺序取决于模拟文本输入的彻底程度。
最简单的形式是:
$('input').val('123');
$('input').change();