Ruby是通过引用传递还是通过值传递?

@user.update_languages(params[:language][:language1], 
                       params[:language][:language2], 
                       params[:language][:language3])
lang_errors = @user.errors
logger.debug "--------------------LANG_ERRORS----------101-------------" 
                + lang_errors.full_messages.inspect

if params[:user]
  @user.state = params[:user][:state]
  success = success & @user.save
end
logger.debug "--------------------LANG_ERRORS-------------102----------" 
                + lang_errors.full_messages.inspect

if lang_errors.full_messages.empty?

@user对象将错误添加到update_languages方法中的lang_errors变量中。当我在@user对象上执行保存时，我丢失了最初存储在lang_errors变量中的错误。

虽然我正在尝试做的更多的是一个黑客(似乎没有工作)。我想知道为什么变量值被洗掉了。我理解通过引用传递，所以我想知道值如何可以保存在那个变量中而不被洗掉。

当前回答

关于Ruby的“按值传递引用”如何工作的理论，有很多很棒的答案。但以身作则，我能更好地学习和理解一切。希望这对你们有帮助。

def foo(bar)
  puts "bar (#{bar}) entering foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
  bar =  "reference"
  puts "bar (#{bar}) leaving foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
end

bar = "value"
puts "bar (#{bar}) before foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
foo(bar)
puts "bar (#{bar}) after foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"

# Output
bar (value) before foo with object_id 60
bar (value) entering foo with object_id 60
bar (reference) leaving foo with object_id 80 # <-----
bar (value) after foo with object_id 60 # <-----

正如你所看到的，当我们输入这个方法时，我们的工具条仍然指向字符串“value”。但是之后我们给bar分配了一个字符串对象“reference”，它有一个新的object_id。在这种情况下，foo内部的bar具有不同的作用域，无论我们在方法中传递什么，当我们重新分配它并将其指向内存中包含String "reference"的新位置时，bar都不再访问它。

现在考虑同样的方法。唯一的区别是在方法中使用do

def foo(bar)
  puts "bar (#{bar}) entering foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
  bar.replace "reference"
  puts "bar (#{bar}) leaving foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
end

bar = "value"
puts "bar (#{bar}) before foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
foo(bar)
puts "bar (#{bar}) after foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"

# Output
bar (value) before foo with object_id 60
bar (value) entering foo with object_id 60
bar (reference) leaving foo with object_id 60 # <-----
bar (reference) after foo with object_id 60 # <-----

注意到区别了吗?我们在这里所做的是:我们修改了String对象的内容，变量所指向的对象。bar的范围在方法内部仍然是不同的。

所以要注意如何处理传递给方法的变量。如果修改传入的变量-in-place (gsub!， replace, etc)，然后在方法的名称中以砰的一声表示so，比如“def foo!”

注:

重要的是要记住，foo的“bar”的内部和外部是“不同的”“bar”。它们的范围不同。在该方法中，您可以将“bar”重命名为“club”，结果将是相同的。

我经常看到变量在方法内部和外部被重用，虽然这很好，但它降低了代码的可读性，是一种代码气味。我强烈建议不要做我在上面例子中所做的:)，而是这样做

def foo(fiz)
  puts "fiz (#{fiz}) entering foo with object_id #{fiz.object_id}"
  fiz =  "reference"
  puts "fiz (#{fiz}) leaving foo with object_id #{fiz.object_id}"
end

bar = "value"
puts "bar (#{bar}) before foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
foo(bar)
puts "bar (#{bar}) after foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"

# Output
bar (value) before foo with object_id 60
fiz (value) entering foo with object_id 60
fiz (reference) leaving foo with object_id 80
bar (value) after foo with object_id 60

2021-01-18 04:58:28

其他回答

在传统术语中，Ruby是严格的值传递。但这不是你真正想要的。

Ruby doesn't have any concept of a pure, non-reference value, so you certainly can't pass one to a method. Variables are always references to objects. In order to get an object that won't change out from under you, you need to dup or clone the object you're passed, thus giving an object that nobody else has a reference to. (Even this isn't bulletproof, though — both of the standard cloning methods do a shallow copy, so the instance variables of the clone still point to the same objects that the originals did. If the objects referenced by the ivars mutate, that will still show up in the copy, since it's referencing the same objects.)

2009-12-09 07:20:10

Ruby是严格意义上的值传递，但是值是引用。

这可以称为“pass-reference-by-value”。这篇文章有我读过的最好的解释:http://robertheaton.com/2014/07/22/is-ruby-pass-by-reference-or-pass-by-value/

按值传递引用可以简单地解释如下:

函数接收(并将访问)调用者在内存中使用的同一对象的引用。但是，它不接收调用方存储该对象的盒子;与pass-value-by-value一样，函数提供自己的方框，并为自己创建一个新变量。

结果行为实际上是引用传递和值传递的经典定义的组合。

2015-02-28 16:36:00

关于Ruby的“按值传递引用”如何工作的理论，有很多很棒的答案。但以身作则，我能更好地学习和理解一切。希望这对你们有帮助。

def foo(bar)
  puts "bar (#{bar}) entering foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
  bar =  "reference"
  puts "bar (#{bar}) leaving foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
end

bar = "value"
puts "bar (#{bar}) before foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
foo(bar)
puts "bar (#{bar}) after foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"

# Output
bar (value) before foo with object_id 60
bar (value) entering foo with object_id 60
bar (reference) leaving foo with object_id 80 # <-----
bar (value) after foo with object_id 60 # <-----

现在考虑同样的方法。唯一的区别是在方法中使用do

def foo(bar)
  puts "bar (#{bar}) entering foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
  bar.replace "reference"
  puts "bar (#{bar}) leaving foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
end

bar = "value"
puts "bar (#{bar}) before foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"
foo(bar)
puts "bar (#{bar}) after foo with object_id #{bar.object_id}"

# Output
bar (value) before foo with object_id 60
bar (value) entering foo with object_id 60
bar (reference) leaving foo with object_id 60 # <-----
bar (reference) after foo with object_id 60 # <-----

注意到区别了吗?我们在这里所做的是:我们修改了String对象的内容，变量所指向的对象。bar的范围在方法内部仍然是不同的。

所以要注意如何处理传递给方法的变量。如果修改传入的变量-in-place (gsub!， replace, etc)，然后在方法的名称中以砰的一声表示so，比如“def foo!”