在传统术语中，Ruby是严格的值传递。但这不是你真正想要的。

Ruby doesn't have any concept of a pure, non-reference value, so you certainly can't pass one to a method. Variables are always references to objects. In order to get an object that won't change out from under you, you need to dup or clone the object you're passed, thus giving an object that nobody else has a reference to. (Even this isn't bulletproof, though — both of the standard cloning methods do a shallow copy, so the instance variables of the clone still point to the same objects that the originals did. If the objects referenced by the ivars mutate, that will still show up in the copy, since it's referencing the same objects.)

是的，但是....

Ruby将引用传递给一个对象，因为Ruby中的所有东西都是对象，那么你可以说它是通过引用传递的。

我不同意这里的帖子声称它是通过价值，这对我来说似乎是迂腐的赛门铁克游戏。

然而，实际上它“隐藏”了行为，因为ruby提供的大多数操作都是“开箱即用”的——例如字符串操作，会生成对象的副本:

> astringobject = "lowercase"

> bstringobject = astringobject.upcase
> # bstringobject is a new object created by String.upcase

> puts astringobject
lowercase

> puts bstringobject
LOWERCASE

这意味着大多数时候，原始对象保持不变，给人一种ruby是“传递值”的感觉。

当然，在设计自己的类时，理解这种行为的细节对于功能性行为、内存效率和性能都很重要。

参数是原始引用的副本。因此，您可以更改值，但不能更改原始引用。

在传统术语中，Ruby是严格的值传递。但这不是你真正想要的。

Ruby doesn't have any concept of a pure, non-reference value, so you certainly can't pass one to a method. Variables are always references to objects. In order to get an object that won't change out from under you, you need to dup or clone the object you're passed, thus giving an object that nobody else has a reference to. (Even this isn't bulletproof, though — both of the standard cloning methods do a shallow copy, so the instance variables of the clone still point to the same objects that the originals did. If the objects referenced by the ivars mutate, that will still show up in the copy, since it's referencing the same objects.)

需要注意的是，您甚至不需要使用“replace”方法来更改原始值。如果你为一个哈希值分配了其中一个哈希值，你就是在改变原始值。

def my_foo(a_hash)
  a_hash["test"]="reference"
end;

hash = {"test"=>"value"}
my_foo(hash)
puts "Ruby is pass-by-#{hash["test"]}"

Two references refer to same object as long as there is no reassignment. 

同一对象中的任何更新都不会引用到新的内存，因为它仍然在相同的内存中。 以下是一些例子:

    a = "first string"
    b = a



    b.upcase! 
    => FIRST STRING
    a
    => FIRST STRING

    b = "second string"


a
    => FIRST STRING
    hash = {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value"}}
first_sub_hash = hash[:first_sub_hash]
first_sub_hash[:second_key] = "second_value"

    hash
    => {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value", second_key: "second_value"}}

    def change(first_sub_hash)
    first_sub_hash[:third_key] = "third_value"
    end

    change(first_sub_hash)

    hash
    =>  {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value", second_key: "second_value", third_key: "third_value"}}