在传统术语中，Ruby是严格的值传递。但这不是你真正想要的。

Ruby doesn't have any concept of a pure, non-reference value, so you certainly can't pass one to a method. Variables are always references to objects. In order to get an object that won't change out from under you, you need to dup or clone the object you're passed, thus giving an object that nobody else has a reference to. (Even this isn't bulletproof, though — both of the standard cloning methods do a shallow copy, so the instance variables of the clone still point to the same objects that the originals did. If the objects referenced by the ivars mutate, that will still show up in the copy, since it's referencing the same objects.)

需要注意的是，您甚至不需要使用“replace”方法来更改原始值。如果你为一个哈希值分配了其中一个哈希值，你就是在改变原始值。

def my_foo(a_hash)
  a_hash["test"]="reference"
end;

hash = {"test"=>"value"}
my_foo(hash)
puts "Ruby is pass-by-#{hash["test"]}"

在传统术语中，Ruby是严格的值传递。但这不是你真正想要的。

Ruby doesn't have any concept of a pure, non-reference value, so you certainly can't pass one to a method. Variables are always references to objects. In order to get an object that won't change out from under you, you need to dup or clone the object you're passed, thus giving an object that nobody else has a reference to. (Even this isn't bulletproof, though — both of the standard cloning methods do a shallow copy, so the instance variables of the clone still point to the same objects that the originals did. If the objects referenced by the ivars mutate, that will still show up in the copy, since it's referencing the same objects.)

Ruby是通过引用传递还是通过值传递?

Ruby是值传递。总是这样。没有例外。没有如果。少啰嗦

下面是一个简单的程序，说明了这一事实:

def foo(bar)
  bar = 'reference'
end

baz = 'value'

foo(baz)

puts "Ruby is pass-by-#{baz}"
# Ruby is pass-by-value

其他的答案都是正确的，但是一个朋友让我向他解释这一点，归根结底就是Ruby是如何处理变量的，所以我想分享一些我为他写的简单的图片/解释(很抱歉篇幅太长，可能有些过于简化了):

Q1:当你将一个新变量str赋值为'foo'时会发生什么?

str = 'foo'
str.object_id # => 2000

答:一个名为str的标签被创建，指向对象'foo'，对于这个Ruby解释器的状态来说，它恰好位于内存位置2000。

Q2:当你使用=将现有变量str赋值给一个新对象时会发生什么?

str = 'bar'.tap{|b| puts "bar: #{b.object_id}"} # bar: 2002
str.object_id # => 2002

A:标签str现在指向一个不同的对象。

Q3:当你分配一个新的变量= str会发生什么?

str2 = str
str2.object_id # => 2002

答:创建一个名为str2的新标签，指向与str相同的对象。

Q4:如果被str和str2引用的对象被改变了会发生什么?

str2.replace 'baz'
str2 # => 'baz'
str  # => 'baz'
str.object_id # => 2002
str2.object_id # => 2002

答:两个标签仍然指向同一个对象，但是对象本身已经发生了变化(它的内容已经改变为其他东西)。

这和最初的问题有什么关系?

这与第三季度和第四季度的情况基本相同;该方法获得传入给它的变量/ label (str2)的私有副本(str)。它不能改变标签str指向的对象，但它可以改变它们都引用的对象的内容，以包含else:

str = 'foo'

def mutate(str2)
  puts "str2: #{str2.object_id}"
  str2.replace 'bar'
  str2 = 'baz'
  puts "str2: #{str2.object_id}"
end

str.object_id # => 2004
mutate(str) # str2: 2004, str2: 2006
str # => "bar"
str.object_id # => 2004

是的，但是....

Ruby将引用传递给一个对象，因为Ruby中的所有东西都是对象，那么你可以说它是通过引用传递的。

我不同意这里的帖子声称它是通过价值，这对我来说似乎是迂腐的赛门铁克游戏。

然而，实际上它“隐藏”了行为，因为ruby提供的大多数操作都是“开箱即用”的——例如字符串操作，会生成对象的副本:

> astringobject = "lowercase"

> bstringobject = astringobject.upcase
> # bstringobject is a new object created by String.upcase

> puts astringobject
lowercase

> puts bstringobject
LOWERCASE

这意味着大多数时候，原始对象保持不变，给人一种ruby是“传递值”的感觉。

当然，在设计自己的类时，理解这种行为的细节对于功能性行为、内存效率和性能都很重要。