我发现它更方便访问字典键作为obj。foo而不是obj['foo']，所以我写了这个片段:
class AttributeDict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return self[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value
然而，我认为一定有一些原因，Python没有提供开箱即用的功能。以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?
当前回答
为了给答案增加一些变化，sci-kit learn将其实现为一串:
class Bunch(dict):
""" Scikit Learn's container object
Dictionary-like object that exposes its keys as attributes.
>>> b = Bunch(a=1, b=2)
>>> b['b']
2
>>> b.b
2
>>> b.c = 6
>>> b['c']
6
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Bunch, self).__init__(kwargs)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def __dir__(self):
return self.keys()
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def __setstate__(self, state):
pass
您所需要的是获取setattr和getattr方法—getattr检查字典键，然后继续检查实际属性。setstaet是针对pickle /unpickling“bunch”的修复-如果感兴趣，请检查https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/6196
其他回答
很抱歉再添加一个，但这一个解决了subdicts和纠正AttributeError，尽管非常简单:
class DotDict(dict):
def __init__(self, d: dict = {}):
super().__init__()
for key, value in d.items():
self[key] = DotDict(value) if type(value) is dict else value
def __getattr__(self, key):
if key in self:
return self[key]
raise AttributeError(key) #Set proper exception, not KeyError
__setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
__delattr__ = dict.__delitem__
没有必要自己写 Setattr()和getattr()已经存在。
类对象的优势可能在类定义和继承中发挥作用。
我根据这个线程的输入创建了这个。我需要使用odect，所以我必须覆盖get和设置attr。我认为这应该适用于大多数特殊用途。
用法如下:
# Create an ordered dict normally...
>>> od = OrderedAttrDict()
>>> od["a"] = 1
>>> od["b"] = 2
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
# Get and set data using attribute access...
>>> od.a
1
>>> od.b = 20
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])
# Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict...
>>> od.c = 8
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])
>>> od.c
8
类:
class OrderedAttrDict(odict.OrderedDict):
"""
Constructs an odict.OrderedDict with attribute access to data.
Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict.
Setting an attribute that is a key in the data will set the dict data but
will not create a new instance attribute
"""
def __getattr__(self, attr):
"""
Try to get the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and get the attr
"""
if self.has_key(attr):
return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getitem__(attr)
else:
return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getattr__(attr)
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
"""
Try to set the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and set the attr
"""
if self.has_key(attr):
super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setitem__(attr, value)
else:
super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
这是一个非常酷的模式，已经在线程中提到了，但如果你只是想把字典转换成一个在IDE中使用自动完成的对象，等等:
class ObjectFromDict(object):
def __init__(self, d):
self.__dict__ = d
product怎么样，我写了一个小小的Python类来统治它们:)
此外，您还可以获得自动代码完成、递归对象实例化和自动类型转换!
你完全可以做到你所要求的:
p = Prodict()
p.foo = 1
p.bar = "baz"
例1:类型提示
class Country(Prodict):
name: str
population: int
turkey = Country()
turkey.name = 'Turkey'
turkey.population = 79814871
例2:自动类型转换
germany = Country(name='Germany', population='82175700', flag_colors=['black', 'red', 'yellow'])
print(germany.population) # 82175700
print(type(germany.population)) # <class 'int'>
print(germany.flag_colors) # ['black', 'red', 'yellow']
print(type(germany.flag_colors)) # <class 'list'>
如果使用数组表示法，则可以将所有合法字符串字符作为键的一部分。 例如，obj['!#$%^&*()_']
