在我看来，解决这个问题的最佳来源是这个网站上发布的内容:

Syscomments。Dinakar Nethi

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnParseArray (@Array VARCHAR(1000),@separator CHAR(1))
RETURNS @T Table (col1 varchar(50))
AS 
BEGIN
 --DECLARE @T Table (col1 varchar(50))  
 -- @Array is the array we wish to parse
 -- @Separator is the separator charactor such as a comma
 DECLARE @separator_position INT -- This is used to locate each separator character
 DECLARE @array_value VARCHAR(1000) -- this holds each array value as it is returned
 -- For my loop to work I need an extra separator at the end. I always look to the
 -- left of the separator character for each array value

 SET @array = @array + @separator

 -- Loop through the string searching for separtor characters
 WHILE PATINDEX('%' + @separator + '%', @array) <> 0 
 BEGIN
    -- patindex matches the a pattern against a string
    SELECT @separator_position = PATINDEX('%' + @separator + '%',@array)
    SELECT @array_value = LEFT(@array, @separator_position - 1)
    -- This is where you process the values passed.
    INSERT into @T VALUES (@array_value)    
    -- Replace this select statement with your processing
    -- @array_value holds the value of this element of the array
    -- This replaces what we just processed with and empty string
    SELECT @array = STUFF(@array, 1, @separator_position, '')
 END
 RETURN 
END

Use:

SELECT * FROM dbo.fnParseArray('a,b,c,d,e,f', ',')

致谢:Dinakar Nethi

在默认情况下，我将通过向IN条件传递一个表值函数(从字符串返回一个表)来实现这一点。

下面是UDF的代码(我从Stack Overflow的某个地方得到了它，我现在找不到源代码)

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[Split] (@sep char(1), @s varchar(8000))
RETURNS table
AS
RETURN (
    WITH Pieces(pn, start, stop) AS (
      SELECT 1, 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @s)
      UNION ALL
      SELECT pn + 1, stop + 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @s, stop + 1)
      FROM Pieces
      WHERE stop > 0
    )
    SELECT 
      SUBSTRING(@s, start, CASE WHEN stop > 0 THEN stop-start ELSE 512 END) AS s
    FROM Pieces
  )

一旦你得到了这个，你的代码就会像这样简单:

select * from Tags 
where Name in (select s from dbo.split(';','ruby;rails;scruffy;rubyonrails'))
order by Count desc

除非你有一个长得离谱的字符串，否则这应该与表索引一起工作得很好。

如果需要，你可以把它插入一个临时表，索引它，然后运行一个连接…

我使用了一个更简洁的投票结果:

List<SqlParameter> parameters = tags.Select((s, i) => new SqlParameter("@tag" + i.ToString(), SqlDbType.NVarChar(50)) { Value = s}).ToList();

var whereCondition = string.Format("tags in ({0})", String.Join(",",parameters.Select(s => s.ParameterName)));

它循环两次标记参数;但大多数时候这并不重要(它不会成为你的瓶颈;如果是，展开循环)。

如果你真的对性能感兴趣，不想重复循环两次，这里有一个不太漂亮的版本:

var parameters = new List<SqlParameter>();
var paramNames = new List<string>();
for (var i = 0; i < tags.Length; i++)  
{
    var paramName = "@tag" + i;

    //Include size and set value explicitly (not AddWithValue)
    //Because SQL Server may use an implicit conversion if it doesn't know
    //the actual size.
    var p = new SqlParameter(paramName, SqlDbType.NVarChar(50) { Value = tags[i]; } 
    paramNames.Add(paramName);
    parameters.Add(p);
}

var inClause = string.Join(",", paramNames);

这是一个可重复使用的变化的解决方案在马克托罗特的优秀答案。

扩展方法:

public static class ParameterExtensions
{
    public static Tuple<string, SqlParameter[]> ToParameterTuple<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values)
    {
        var createName = new Func<int, string>(index => "@value" + index.ToString());
        var paramTuples = values.Select((value, index) => 
        new Tuple<string, SqlParameter>(createName(index), new SqlParameter(createName(index), value))).ToArray();
        var inClause = string.Join(",", paramTuples.Select(t => t.Item1));
        var parameters = paramTuples.Select(t => t.Item2).ToArray();
        return new Tuple<string, SqlParameter[]>(inClause, parameters);
    }
}

用法:

        string[] tags = {"ruby", "rails", "scruffy", "rubyonrails"};
        var paramTuple = tags.ToParameterTuple();
        var cmdText = $"SELECT * FROM Tags WHERE Name IN ({paramTuple.Item1})";

        using (var cmd = new SqlCommand(cmdText))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paramTuple.Item2);
        }

如果你从。net调用，你可以使用Dapper dot net:

string[] names = new string[] {"ruby","rails","scruffy","rubyonrails"};
var tags = dataContext.Query<Tags>(@"
select * from Tags 
where Name in @names
order by Count desc", new {names});

这里是达普在思考，所以你不用思考。当然，类似的事情也可能发生在LINQ to SQL中:

string[] names = new string[] {"ruby","rails","scruffy","rubyonrails"};
var tags = from tag in dataContext.Tags
           where names.Contains(tag.Name)
           orderby tag.Count descending
           select tag;

对于SQL Server 2008，可以使用表值参数。这有点麻烦，但可以说比我的其他方法更干净。

首先，您必须创建一个类型

CREATE TYPE dbo.TagNamesTableType AS TABLE ( Name nvarchar(50) )

然后，你的ADO。NET代码如下所示:

string[] tags = new string[] { "ruby", "rails", "scruffy", "rubyonrails" };
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT Tags.* FROM Tags JOIN @tagNames as P ON Tags.Name = P.Name";

// value must be IEnumerable<SqlDataRecord>
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@tagNames", tags.AsSqlDataRecord("Name")).SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
cmd.Parameters["@tagNames"].TypeName = "dbo.TagNamesTableType";

// Extension method for converting IEnumerable<string> to IEnumerable<SqlDataRecord>
public static IEnumerable<SqlDataRecord> AsSqlDataRecord(this IEnumerable<string> values, string columnName) {
    if (values == null || !values.Any()) return null; // Annoying, but SqlClient wants null instead of 0 rows
    var firstRecord = values.First();
    var metadata= new SqlMetaData(columnName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 50); //50 as per SQL Type
    return values.Select(v => 
    {
       var r = new SqlDataRecord(metadata);
       r.SetValues(v);
       return r;
    });
}

更新 根据@Doug

请尽量避免var metadata = SqlMetaData。InferFromValue (firstRecord columnName);

它设置了第一个值的长度，所以如果第一个值是3个字符，那么它设置的最大长度为3，如果超过3个字符，其他记录将被截断。

因此，请尝试使用:var metadata= new SqlMetaData(columnName, SqlDbType. xml)。NVarChar maxLen);

注意:最大长度为-1。