当我在一个Java应用程序中工作时，我最近需要组装一个以逗号分隔的值列表，以传递给另一个web服务，而不知道预先会有多少个元素。我能想到的最好的是这样的:
public String appendWithDelimiter( String original, String addition, String delimiter ) {
if ( original.equals( "" ) ) {
return addition;
} else {
return original + delimiter + addition;
}
}
String parameterString = "";
if ( condition ) parameterString = appendWithDelimiter( parameterString, "elementName", "," );
if ( anotherCondition ) parameterString = appendWithDelimiter( parameterString, "anotherElementName", "," );
我意识到这不是特别有效，因为到处都在创建字符串，但我追求的是清晰而不是优化。
在Ruby中，我可以这样做，这感觉要优雅得多:
parameterArray = [];
parameterArray << "elementName" if condition;
parameterArray << "anotherElementName" if anotherCondition;
parameterString = parameterArray.join(",");
但是由于Java缺少join命令，我找不到任何等价的命令。
那么，在Java中最好的方法是什么呢?
使用Dollar就像输入一样简单:
String joined = $(aCollection).join(",");
注意:它也适用于数组和其他数据类型
实现
在内部，它使用了一个非常巧妙的技巧:
@Override
public String join(String separator) {
Separator sep = new Separator(separator);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (T item : iterable) {
sb.append(sep).append(item);
}
return sb.toString();
}
Separator类只在第一次调用时返回空String，然后返回分隔符:
class Separator {
private final String separator;
private boolean wasCalled;
public Separator(String separator) {
this.separator = separator;
this.wasCalled = false;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
if (!wasCalled) {
wasCalled = true;
return "";
} else {
return separator;
}
}
}
使用StringBuilder和类Separator
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
Separator sep = new Separator(", ");
for (String each : list) {
buf.append(sep).append(each);
}
分隔符包装分隔符。分隔符由Separator的toString方法返回，除非第一次调用返回空字符串!
类分隔符的源代码
public class Separator {
private boolean skipFirst;
private final String value;
public Separator() {
this(", ");
}
public Separator(String value) {
this.value = value;
this.skipFirst = true;
}
public void reset() {
skipFirst = true;
}
public String toString() {
String sep = skipFirst ? "" : value;
skipFirst = false;
return sep;
}
}
使用Java 5变量参数，所以你不需要将所有的字符串显式地填充到一个集合或数组中:
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
public class StringUtil
{
public static String join(String delim, String... strings)
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
if (strings != null)
{
for (String str : strings)
{
if (builder.length() > 0)
{
builder.append(delim).append(" ");
}
builder.append(str);
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
@Test
public void joinTest()
{
Assert.assertEquals("", StringUtil.join(",", null));
Assert.assertEquals("", StringUtil.join(",", ""));
Assert.assertEquals("", StringUtil.join(",", new String[0]));
Assert.assertEquals("test", StringUtil.join(",", "test"));
Assert.assertEquals("foo, bar", StringUtil.join(",", "foo", "bar"));
Assert.assertEquals("foo, bar, x", StringUtil.join(",", "foo", "bar", "x"));
}
}
