每个核心从不同的内存区域执行。你的操作系统将把一个核心指向你的程序，这个核心将执行你的程序。你的程序不会知道有多个核或者它在哪个核上执行。

也没有仅用于操作系统的附加指令。这些核心与单核芯片是相同的。每个内核运行操作系统的一部分，该部分将处理与用于信息交换的公共内存区域的通信，以查找下一个要执行的内存区域。

这是一个简化，但它给了你基本的想法，它是如何做到的。更多关于多核和多处理器的信息在Embedded.com上有很多关于这个主题的信息…这个话题很快就变得复杂起来!

汇编代码将转换为将在一个核心上执行的机器代码。如果你希望它是多线程的，你将不得不使用操作系统原语在不同的处理器上多次启动这段代码，或者在不同的核上启动不同的代码段——每个核将执行一个单独的线程。每个线程只能看到当前正在执行的一个内核。

What has been added on every multiprocessing-capable architecture compared to the single-processor variants that came before them are instructions to synchronize between cores. Also, you have instructions to deal with cache coherency, flushing buffers, and similar low-level operations an OS has to deal with. In the case of simultaneous multithreaded architectures like IBM POWER6, IBM Cell, Sun Niagara, and Intel "Hyperthreading", you also tend to see new instructions to prioritize between threads (like setting priorities and explicitly yielding the processor when there is nothing to do).

但是基本的单线程语义是相同的，您只是添加额外的设施来处理与其他核心的同步和通信。

根据我的理解，每个“核心”都是一个完整的处理器，有自己的寄存器集。基本上，BIOS启动时只运行一个核心，然后操作系统可以通过初始化其他核心并将它们指向要运行的代码等方式“启动”其他核心。

同步由操作系统完成。通常，每个处理器为操作系统运行不同的进程，因此操作系统的多线程功能负责决定哪个进程可以访问哪个内存，以及在内存碰撞的情况下该做什么。

这根本不是在机器指令中完成的;这些核心假装是不同的cpu，并且没有任何相互通信的特殊能力。他们有两种沟通方式:

它们共享物理地址空间。硬件处理缓存一致性，因此一个CPU写入另一个CPU读取的内存地址。 它们共享一个APIC(可编程中断控制器)。这是映射到物理地址空间的内存，一个处理器可以使用它来控制其他处理器，打开或关闭它们，发送中断等等。

http://www.cheesecake.org/sac/smp.html是一个很好的参考，但url有点傻。

I think the questioner probably wants to make a program run faster by having multiple cores work on it in parallel. That's what I would want anyway but all the answers leave me no wiser. However, I think I get this: You can't synchronize different threads down to instruction execution time accuracy. So you can't get 4 cores to do a multiply on four different array elements in parallel to speed up processing by 4:1. Rather, you have to look at your program as comprising major blocks that execute sequentially like

对一些数据做FFT吗 把结果放到一个矩阵中，然后找出它的特征值和特征向量 根据特征值对后者进行排序 用新的数据重复第一步

What you can do is run step 2 on the results of step 1 while running step one in a different core on new data, and running step 3 on the results of step2 in a different core while step 2 is running on the next data and step 1 is running on the data after that. You can do this in Compaq Visual Fortran and Intel Fortran which is an evolution of CVF by writing three separate programs/ subroutines for the three steps and instead of one "calling" the next it calls an API to start its thread. They can share data by using COMMON which will be COMMON data memory to all threads. You have to study the manual till your head hurts and experiment until you get it to work but I have succeeded once at least.