总结在Java中使用静态方法的几个基本优点和缺点:

优点:

全局可访问，即不与任何特定的对象实例绑定。 每个JVM一个实例。 可以通过类名访问(不需要对象)。 包含一个适用于所有实例的值。 在JVM启动时加载，并在JVM关闭时死亡。 它们不会修改Object的状态。

缺点:

Static members are always part of memory whether they are in use or not. You can not control creation and destruction of static variable. Usefully they have been created at program loading and destroyed when program unload (or when JVM shuts down). You can make statics thread safe using synchronize but you need some extra efforts. If one thread change value of a static variable that can possibly break functionality of other threads. You must know “static“ before using it. You cannot override static methods. Serialization doesn't work well with them. They don't participate in runtime polymorphism. There is a memory issue (to some extent but not much I guess) if a large number of static variables/methods are used. Because they will not be Garbage Collected until program ends. Static methods are hard to test too.

一切(可以:)都有它的目的，如果你有一堆线程，需要共享/缓存数据和所有可访问的内存(所以你不分裂成上下文在一个JVM)静态是最好的选择->当然你可以强制只有一个实例，但为什么? 我发现这个帖子里的一些评论是邪恶的，不是静态的;)

我发现静态变量使用起来更方便。而且我认为它们也很有效(如果我错了请纠正我)，因为如果我必须在一个类中对一个函数进行10,000次调用，我很乐意将方法设置为静态的，并在其上使用直接的class. methodcall()，而不是用10,000个类实例来混乱内存，对吗?

我明白你的想法，但一个简单的单例模式将做同样的事情，而不必实例化10,000个对象。

可以使用静态方法，但只能用于与对象域相关且不需要或使用对象的内部属性的函数。

ex:

public class WaterContainer {
    private int size;
    private int brand;
    ...etc

    public static int convertToGallon(int liters)...

    public static int convertToLiters(int gallon)...

}

静态变量本身并没有什么问题。只是Java语法有问题。每个Java类实际上定义了两个结构——一个封装静态变量的单例对象和一个实例。在同一个源代码块中定义这两种代码是非常糟糕的，会导致代码难以阅读。Scala做得很好。

静态变量没有好坏之分。它们表示描述整个类而不是特定实例的属性。如果需要为某个类的所有实例设置一个计数器，则静态变量将是保存该值的合适位置。

当您尝试使用静态变量来保存与实例相关的值时，就会出现问题。

在你的文章中有两个主要问题。

First, about static variables. Static variables are completelly unnecesary and it's use can be avoided easily. In OOP languajes in general, and in Java particularlly, function parameters are pased by reference, this is to say, if you pass an object to a funciont, you are passing a pointer to the object, so you dont need to define static variables since you can pass a pointer to the object to any scope that needs this information. Even if this implies that yo will fill your memory with pointers, this will not necesary represent a poor performance because actual memory pagging systems are optimized to handle with this, and they will maintain in memory the pages referenced by the pointers you passed to the new scope; usage of static variables may cause the system to load the memory page where they are stored when they need to be accessed (this will happen if the page has not been accesed in a long time). A good practice is to put all that static stuf together in some little "configuration clases", this will ensure the system puts it all in the same memory page.

Second, about static methods. Static methods are not so bad, but they can quickly reduce performance. For example, think about a method that compares two objects of a class and returns a value indicating which of the objects is bigger (tipical comparison method) this method can be static or not, but when invoking it the non static form will be more eficient since it will have to solve only two references (one for each object) face to the three references that will have to solve the static version of the same method (one for the class plus two, one for each object). But as I say, this is not so bad, if we take a look at the Math class, we can find a lot of math functions defined as static methods. This is really more eficient than putting all these methods in the class defining the numbers, because most of them are rarelly used and including all of them in the number class will cause the class to be very complex and consume a lot of resources unnecesarilly.

总之:在处理静态或非静态方法时，避免使用静态变量，并找到正确的性能平衡。

PS:抱歉我的英语不好。