Pete Goodliffe有一个关于线程代码单元测试的系列。

是很困难的。我采用了更简单的方法，尽量将线程代码从实际测试中抽象出来。皮特确实提到了我分手的方式是错误的但我要么是正确的，要么就是我很幸运。

确实很难!在我的(c++)单元测试中，我按照使用的并发模式将其分解为几个类别:

Unit tests for classes that operate in a single thread and aren't thread aware -- easy, test as usual. Unit tests for Monitor objects (those that execute synchronized methods in the callers' thread of control) that expose a synchronized public API -- instantiate multiple mock threads that exercise the API. Construct scenarios that exercise internal conditions of the passive object. Include one longer running test that basically beats the heck out of it from multiple threads for a long period of time. This is unscientific I know but it does build confidence. Unit tests for Active objects (those that encapsulate their own thread or threads of control) -- similar to #2 above with variations depending on the class design. Public API may be blocking or non-blocking, callers may obtain futures, data may arrive at queues or need to be dequeued. There are many combinations possible here; white box away. Still requires multiple mock threads to make calls to the object under test.

题外话:

在我所做的内部开发人员培训中，我教授了并发的支柱和这两种模式，作为思考和分解并发问题的主要框架。显然还有更先进的概念，但我发现这组基础知识可以帮助工程师摆脱困境。正如上面所描述的，它还会导致代码更具单元可测试性。

对于Java，请参阅JCIP的第12章。有一些具体的例子，可以编写确定性的多线程单元测试，以至少测试并发代码的正确性和不变量。

用单元测试“证明”线程安全要危险得多。我相信在各种平台/配置上进行自动化集成测试会更好。

上周我花了大部分时间在大学图书馆学习并发代码的调试。核心问题是并发代码是不确定的。通常，学术调试可以分为三个阵营之一:

Event-trace/replay. This requires an event monitor and then reviewing the events that were sent. In a UT framework, this would involve manually sending the events as part of a test, and then doing post-mortem reviews. Scriptable. This is where you interact with the running code with a set of triggers. "On x > foo, baz()". This could be interpreted into a UT framework where you have a run-time system triggering a given test on a certain condition. Interactive. This obviously won't work in an automatic testing situation. ;)

现在，正如上面评论者所注意到的，您可以将并发系统设计成更确定的状态。然而，如果你做得不好，你就又回到了设计顺序系统的问题上。

我的建议是，专注于制定一个非常严格的设计协议，规定什么是线程，什么不是线程。如果你限制了你的接口，使元素之间的依赖最小化，那就容易多了。

祝你好运，继续解决这个问题。

您可以使用EasyMock。使测试实例线程安全

Pete Goodliffe有一个关于线程代码单元测试的系列。

是很困难的。我采用了更简单的方法，尽量将线程代码从实际测试中抽象出来。皮特确实提到了我分手的方式是错误的但我要么是正确的，要么就是我很幸运。