ECMAScript 6 引入了许可声明。
我听说它被描述为一个当地变量,但我仍然不确定它是如何行为不同于 var 关键词。
什么是差异?什么时候应该被允许使用而不是 var?
ECMAScript 6 引入了许可声明。
我听说它被描述为一个当地变量,但我仍然不确定它是如何行为不同于 var 关键词。
什么是差异?什么时候应该被允许使用而不是 var?
当前回答
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var 变量是全球性的,基本上可以到达到任何地方,而让变量不是全球性的,只有直到一个关闭的偏见杀死它们。
请参见下面的我的例子,并注意狮子(Let)变量如何在两个 console.logs 中以不同的方式行事;它在第二个 console.log 中变得无效。
var cat = "cat";
let dog = "dog";
var animals = () => {
var giraffe = "giraffe";
let lion = "lion";
console.log(cat); //will print 'cat'.
console.log(dog); //will print 'dog', because dog was declared outside this function (like var cat).
console.log(giraffe); //will print 'giraffe'.
console.log(lion); //will print 'lion', as lion is within scope.
}
console.log(giraffe); //will print 'giraffe', as giraffe is a global variable (var).
console.log(lion); //will print UNDEFINED, as lion is a 'let' variable and is now out of scope.
其他回答
使用 var 声明定义的变量在其定义的整个函数中已知,从函数的开始。 (*) 使用 let 声明定义的变量仅在其定义的区块中已知,从其定义的时刻开始。
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but undefined
// l IS NOT known here
function loop(arr) {
// i IS known here, but undefined
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
for( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
};
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
for( let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++ ) {
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS known here, and has a value
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
};
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
}
loop([1,2,3,4]);
for( var k = 0; k < arr.length; k++ ) {
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here
};
for( let l = 0; l < arr.length; l++ ) {
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS known here, and has a value
};
loop([1,2,3,4]);
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here
今天使用安全吗?
有些人会说,在未来,我们只会使用让陈述,而这些陈述会变得过时。JavaScript老师Kyle Simpson写了一篇非常复杂的文章,他认为为什么不会这样。
事实上,我们实际上需要问自己是否安全使用放弃声明,这个问题的答案取决于你的环境:
此分類上一篇
如何跟踪浏览器支持
让
区块范围
在顶级(功能之外)
var globalVariable = 42;
let blockScopedVariable = 43;
console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
console.log(this.globalVariable); // 42
console.log(this.blockScopedVariable); // undefined
在一个功能之内
(() => {
var functionScopedVariable = 42;
let blockScopedVariable = 43;
console.log(functionScopedVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
})();
console.log(functionScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: functionScopedVariable is not defined
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined
在一个区块内
{
var globalVariable = 42;
let blockScopedVariable = 43;
console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
}
console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined
在一个圈子里
用Let in Loops宣言的变量只能在该圈内提到。
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
var j = i * 2;
}
console.log(i); // 3
console.log(j); // 4
for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
let l = k * 2;
}
console.log(typeof k); // undefined
console.log(typeof l); // undefined
// Trying to do console.log(k) or console.log(l) here would throw a ReferenceError.
// Logs 3 thrice, not what we meant.
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0);
}
// Logs 0, 1 and 2, as expected.
for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
setTimeout(() => console.log(j), 0);
}
临时死区
由于临时死亡区,使用声明的变量在被声明之前无法访问,试图这样做会导致错误。
console.log(noTDZ); // undefined
var noTDZ = 43;
console.log(hasTDZ); // ReferenceError: hasTDZ is not defined
let hasTDZ = 42;
没有重新宣布
var a;
var a; // Works fine.
let b;
let b; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'b' has already been declared
var c;
let c; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'c' has already been declared
格斯特
没有重新分配
const a = 42;
a = 43; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
请注意,这并不意味着值是不可改变的;它的属性仍然可以改变。
const obj = {};
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 42
如果您想要一个不可变的对象,您应该使用 Object.freeze()。
const obj = Object.freeze({a: 40});
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 40
console.log(obj.b); // undefined
初步者需要
在使用 const 表示变量时,您必须始终指定值。
const a; // SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration
msg = “Hello World” 函数 doWork() { // msg 将是可用的,因为它被定义在这个开幕式上! 让朋友 = 0; console.log(msg); // 与 VAR 虽然: for (var iCount2 = 0; iCount2 < 5; iCount2++) {} // iCount2 将在这个开幕式后可用! console.log(iCount2); for (let iCount1 = 0; iCount1 < 5; iCount1++) {} // iCount1 将没有
显然,至少在Visual Studio 2015中,TypeScript 1.5,“var”允许一个区块中的相同变量名称的多个声明,而“Let”不。
这不会导致编译错误:
var x = 1;
var x = 2;
这将是:
let x = 1;
let x = 2;
// An array of adder functions.
var adderFunctions = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
// We want the function at index i to add the index to its argument.
adderFunctions[i] = function(x) {
// What is i bound to here?
return x + i;
};
}
var add12 = adderFunctions[12];
// Uh oh. The function is bound to i in the outer scope, which is currently 1000.
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => false
console.log(add12(8) === 1008); // => true
console.log(i); // => 1000
// It gets worse.
i = -8;
console.log(add12(8) === 0); // => true
上面的过程不会产生所需的函数序列,因为我的范围超越了每个函数创建的区块的 iteration。 相反,在环节结束时,每个函数的 i 关闭指在环节结束时的 i 值(1000)为每个在 adder 中的匿名函数。
// Let's try this again.
// NOTE: We're using another ES6 keyword, const, for values that won't
// be reassigned. const and let have similar scoping behavior.
const adderFunctions = [];
for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
// NOTE: We're using the newer arrow function syntax this time, but
// using the "function(x) { ..." syntax from the previous example
// here would not change the behavior shown.
adderFunctions[i] = x => x + i;
}
const add12 = adderFunctions[12];
// Yay! The behavior is as expected.
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => true
// i's scope doesn't extend outside the for loop.
console.log(i); // => ReferenceError: i is not defined
每个函数现在保留在函数创建时的 i 的值,并且 adderFunctions 按照预期行事。
现在,图像将两种行为混合在一起,你可能会看到为什么不建议在同一脚本中混合更新的Let和 const。
const doubleAdderFunctions = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
const j = i;
doubleAdderFunctions[i] = x => x + i + j;
}
const add18 = doubleAdderFunctions[9];
const add24 = doubleAdderFunctions[12];
// It's not fun debugging situations like this, especially when the
// code is more complex than in this example.
console.log(add18(24) === 42); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 42); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === add24(18)); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 1033); // => true
console.log(add24(18) === 1030); // => true
不要让这件事发生在你身上,使用灯具。