新在Python 3.9:使用联盟操作器(<unk>)合并类似于设置的句子:

>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> e = {'a': 9, 'c': 3}
>>> d | e
{'a': 9, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

对于匹配密钥,正确的指数需要先行。

这也适用于<unk>=更改一个dict in-place:

>>> e |= d    # e = e | d
>>> e
{'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}

Python 3.9 + 仅限

合并(<unk>)和更新(<unk>=)运营商已被添加到内置的<unk>类。

>>> d = {'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'cheese': 3}
>>> e = {'cheese': 'cheddar', 'aardvark': 'Ethel'}
>>> d | e
{'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'cheese': 'cheddar', 'aardvark': 'Ethel'}

扩展任务版本在现场运行:

>>> d |= e
>>> d
{'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'cheese': 'cheddar', 'aardvark': 'Ethel'}

查看 PEP 584

深深的定律:

from typing import List, Dict
from copy import deepcopy

def merge_dicts(*from_dicts: List[Dict], no_copy: bool=False) -> Dict :
    """ no recursion deep merge of two dicts

    By default creates fresh Dict and merges all to it.

    no_copy = True, will merge all dicts to a fist one in a list without copy.
    Why? Sometime I need to combine one dictionary from "layers".
    The "layers" are not in use and dropped immediately after merging.
    """

    if no_copy:
        xerox = lambda x:x
    else:
        xerox = deepcopy

    result = xerox(from_dicts[0])

    for _from in from_dicts[1:]:
        merge_queue = [(result, _from)]
        for _to, _from in merge_queue:
            for k, v in _from.items():
                if k in _to and isinstance(_to[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
                    # key collision add both are dicts.
                    # add to merging queue
                    merge_queue.append((_to[k], v))
                    continue
                _to[k] = xerox(v)

    return result

使用:

print("=============================")
print("merge all dicts to first one without copy.")
a0 = {"a":{"b":1}}
a1 = {"a":{"c":{"d":4}}}
a2 = {"a":{"c":{"f":5}, "d": 6}}
print(f"a0 id[{id(a0)}] value:{a0}")
print(f"a1 id[{id(a1)}] value:{a1}")
print(f"a2 id[{id(a2)}] value:{a2}")
r = merge_dicts(a0, a1, a2, no_copy=True)
print(f"r  id[{id(r)}] value:{r}")

print("=============================")
print("create fresh copy of all")
a0 = {"a":{"b":1}}
a1 = {"a":{"c":{"d":4}}}
a2 = {"a":{"c":{"f":5}, "d": 6}}
print(f"a0 id[{id(a0)}] value:{a0}")
print(f"a1 id[{id(a1)}] value:{a1}")
print(f"a2 id[{id(a2)}] value:{a2}")
r = merge_dicts(a0, a1, a2)
print(f"r  id[{id(r)}] value:{r}")

一个联合的OP的两个词典会是这样的东西:

{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 10, 'c': 11}

具体而言,两个实体(x 和 y)的联盟包含所有 x 和/或 y 的元素,不幸的是,OP 所要求的不是联盟,尽管职位的标题。

我的下面的代码既不优雅,也不是单线,但我认为它与联盟的意义一致。

从OP的例子:

x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}

z = {}
for k, v in x.items():
    if not k in z:
        z[k] = [(v)]
    else:
        z[k].append((v))
for k, v in y.items():
    if not k in z:
        z[k] = [(v)]
    else:
        z[k].append((v))

{'a': [1], 'b': [2, 10], 'c': [11]}

无论你想要的列表都可以改变,但上述将工作,如果一个词典包含列表(和列表)作为每个词典中的值。

这个问题被标签为Python-3x,但考虑到这是一个相对较新的补充,并且最受欢迎的,接受的答案与Python 2.x解决方案广泛处理,我敢添加一个线条,引用一个令人兴奋的功能的Python 2.x列表理解,即名字泄漏。

$ python2
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jan 19 2017, 14:48:08) 
[GCC 6.3.0 20170118] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> [z.update(d) for z in [{}] for d in (x, y)]
[None, None]
>>> z
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
>>> ...

我很高兴说上面的内容不再在任何Python 3版本上工作。

在 Python 3.0 或更高版本中,您可以使用.ChainMap 集合多个字符或其他地图,以创建一个单一的可更新视图:

>>> from collections import ChainMap
>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> z = dict(ChainMap({}, y, x))
>>> for k, v in z.items():
        print(k, '-->', v)
    
a --> 1
b --> 10
c --> 11

更新 Python 3.5 或更高版本: 您可以使用 PEP 448 延伸字典包装和解包。

>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> {**x, **y}
{'a': 1, 'b': 10, 'c': 11}

更新 Python 3.9 或更高版本: 您可以使用 PEP 584 联盟运营商:

>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> x | y
{'a': 1, 'b': 10, 'c': 11}