套接字是一种数据I/O机制。端口是通信协议的契约概念。套接字可以没有端口而存在。一个端口可以没有特定的套接字而存在(例如，如果同一个端口上有几个活动的套接字，这可能是某些协议允许的)。

端口用于确定接收端应该将数据包路由到哪个套接字，在许多协议中，但它并不总是必需的，接收套接字的选择可以通过其他方式完成——端口完全是网络子系统中协议处理程序使用的工具。例如，如果协议不使用端口，数据包可以到所有侦听套接字或任何套接字。

I know that there are lot of explanations. But, there is one more easy way to understand with practical example. We all can connect to HTTP port 80, but does it mean only one user can connect to that port at a time?. The answer is obviously 'no'. Multiple users for multiple purposes can access HTTP port 80 but they still get proper response they are waiting for, from the server, can't they?. Now think about it for a minute, how?. Yes you are correct, its IP address that uniquely identifies different users who contacts for different purposes. If you would have read the previous answers before reaching here, you would know that IP address is a part of information that socket consists. Think about it, is it possible to have a communication without sockets?. The answer is 'Yes' but you cannot run more than one application in a port but we know that we are not a 'Dump' switch that runs on just hardware.

一个连接套接字(fd)用于本地地址+本地端口+对端地址+对端端口。通过套接字抽象处理recv/发送数据。 一个监听套接字(fd)用于本地地址+本地监听端口。进程可以通过套接字接受新的连接。

套接字是一种特殊类型的文件句柄，进程使用它从操作系统请求网络服务。 套接字地址是三元组: {protocol, local-address, local-process}，其中本地进程由端口号标识。

在TCP/IP套件中，例如:

{tcp, 193.44.234.3, 12345}

会话是两个进程之间的通信链接，从而描述了两者之间的关联。 关联是一个5元组，它完全指定了组成连接的两个进程: {protocol, local-address, local-process, foreign-address, foreign-process}

在TCP/IP套件中，例如:

{tcp, 193.44.234.3, 1500, 193.44.234.5, 21}

可能是一个有效的关联。

半关联是: {protocol, local-address, local-process}

or

{protocol, foreign-address, foreign-process}

它们指定连接的每一半。

半关联也称为套接字或传输地址。也就是说，套接字是可以在网络中命名和寻址的通信端点。 套接字接口是通信协议的几个应用程序编程接口(api)之一。它被设计为一个通用的通信编程接口，最初由4.2BSD UNIX系统引入。虽然还没有标准化，但已经成为事实上的行业标准。

这些是基本的网络概念，所以我将以一种简单而全面的方式详细解释它们。

插座就像电话(即端到端通信设备) IP就像你的电话号码(即你的插座地址) 端口就像您想要与之交谈的人(即您想从该地址订购的服务) 插座可以是客户端也可以是服务器端(例如，在公司中，客户支持的电话是服务器，但你家里的电话主要是客户端)

因此，网络中的套接字是绑定到一对(ip，端口)=(地址，服务)的虚拟通信设备。

注意:

A machine, a computer, a host, a mobile, or a PC can have multiple addresses , multiple open ports, and thus multiple sockets. Like in an office you can have multiple telephones with multiple telephone numbers and multiple people to talk to. Existence of an open/active port necessitate that you must have a socket bound to it, because it is the socket that makes the port accessible. However, you may have unused ports for the time being. Also note, in a server socket you can bind it to (a port, a specific address of a machine) or to (a port, all addresses of a machine) as in the telephone you may connect many telephone lines (telephone numbers) to a telephone or one specific telephone line to a telephone and still you can reach a person through all these telephone lines or through a specific telephone line. You can not associate (bind) a socket with two ports as in the telephone usually you can not always have two people using the same telephone at the same time . Advanced: on the same machine you cannot have two sockets with same type (client, or server) and same port and ip. However, if you are a client you can open two connections, with two sockets, to a server because the local port in each of these client's sockets is different)

希望它能消除你的疑虑

套接字是软件中的一种结构。它差不多是一个文件;它有读和写这样的操作。它不是一个物理的东西;它是你的软件引用物理事物的一种方式。

端口是一个类似设备的东西。每台主机都有一个或多个网络(这些是物理网络);主机在每个网络上都有一个地址。每个地址可以有数千个端口。

只有一个套接字可能在某个地址上使用某个端口。套接字分配端口类似于为文件系统I/O分配设备。一旦分配了端口，就没有其他套接字可以连接到该端口。当套接字被关闭时，端口将被释放。

看一下TCP/IP术语。