套接字= IP地址+端口(数字地址) 它们一起标识机器上网络连接的端点。(我刚刚是不是网络基础课不及格?)

套接字由三部分组成:

IP地址 传输协议 端口号

端口是1到65535之间的数字，表示设备中的逻辑门。 客户端和服务器之间的每个连接都需要一个惟一的套接字。

例如:

1030为端口。 (10.1.1.2, TCP，端口1030)是一个套接字。

A socket represents a single connection between two network applications. These two applications nominally run on different computers, but sockets can also be used for interprocess communication on a single computer. Applications can create multiple sockets for communicating with each other. Sockets are bidirectional, meaning that either side of the connection is capable of both sending and receiving data. Therefore a socket can be created theoretically at any level of the OSI model from 2 upwards. Programmers often use sockets in network programming, albeit indirectly. Programming libraries like Winsock hide many of the low-level details of socket programming. Sockets have been in widespread use since the early 1980s.

端口表示网络通信的端点或“通道”。端口号允许同一计算机上的不同应用程序在不相互干扰的情况下利用网络资源。端口号最常出现在网络编程中，尤其是套接字编程中。但是，有时端口号对普通用户是可见的。例如，一个人在因特网上访问的一些网站使用如下URL:

http://www.mairie-metz.fr:8080/在本例中，数字8080指Web浏览器连接到Web服务器所使用的端口号。通常，Web站点使用端口号80，该端口号不需要包含在URL中(尽管可以包含)。

在IP组网中，端口号理论上可以在0到65535之间。但是，大多数流行的网络应用程序使用范围较低的端口号(例如HTTP的80)。

注意:术语端口还指网络技术的其他几个方面。端口可以指外部设备的物理连接点，如串口、并口和USB端口。术语端口也指某些以太网连接点，例如集线器、交换机或路由器上的连接点。

ref http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/l/bldef_port.htm

ref http://compnetworking.about.com/od/itinformationtechnology/l/bldef_socket.htm

终于. .太多的人将套接字概念连接到双端点通信，主要是在TCP/IP协议上。但是:

NO - Socket is not related to a two-endpoint communication. It's the local endpoint, which can or cannot be connected on the other side (Think about a server socket listening for incoming connection) NO - Socket it's not strictly related to TCP/IP. It is defined with a protcol, which can be TCP/IP, but can be anything else. For example you can have socket that communicates over files. You can also implement a new protocol yourself to have a communication over USB lamp which sends data by flashing: that would still be a socket from the application point of view.

关于端口概念，你在其他答案上读到的是正确的。Port通常是TCP或UDP数据包中的数字值(2字节，0-65535)。我要强调的是，TCP或UPD不一定用于IP之上。所以:

不-说端口是TCP/IP或UDP/IP的一部分是不对的。它是TCP或UDP或任何其他定义和使用它的协议的一部分。IP不知道什么是端口。

A socket is a communication endpoint. A socket is not directly related to the TCP/IP protocol family, it can be used with any protocol your system supports. The C socket API expects you to first get a blank socket object from the system that you can then either bind to a local socket address (to directly retrieve incoming traffic for connection-less protocols or to accept incoming connection requests for connection-oriented protocols) or that you can connect to a remote socket address (for either kind of protocol). You can even do both if you want to control both, the local socket address a socket is bound to and the remote socket address a socket is connected to. For connection-less protocols connecting a socket is even optional but if you don't do that, you'll have to also pass the destination address with every packet you want to send over the socket as how else would the socket know where to send this data to? Advantage is that you can use a single socket to send packets to different socket addresses. Once you have your socket configured and maybe even connected, consider it to be a bi-directional communication pipe. You can use it to pass data to some destination and some destination can use it to pass data back to you. What you write to a socket is send out and what has been received is available for reading.

Ports on the other hand are something that only certain protocols of the TCP/IP protocol stack have. TCP and UDP packets have ports. A port is just a simple number. The combination of source port and destination port identify a communication channel between two hosts. E.g. you may have a server that shall be both, a simple HTTP server and a simple FTP server. If now a packet arrives for the address of that server, how would it know if that is a packet for the HTTP or the FTP server? Well, it will know so as the HTTP server will run on port 80 and the FTP server on port 21, so if the packet arrives with a destination port 80, it is for the HTTP server and not for the FTP server. Also the packet has a source port since without such a source port, a server could only have one connection to one IP address at a time. The source port makes it possible for a server to distinguish otherwise identical connections: they all have the same destination port, e.g. port 80, the same destination IP (the IP of the server), and the same source IP, as they all come from the same client, but as they have different source ports, the server can distinguish them from each other. And when the server sends back replies, it will do so to the port the request came from, that way the client can also distinguish different replies it receives from the same server.

简短的回答。

端口可以被描述为主机中的内部地址，用于标识程序或进程。

套接字可以被描述为一个编程接口，允许一个程序在internet上或本地与其他程序或进程通信。