给所有的答案补充一点:

如果你这样做:

#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int * foo(){
    int a = 5;
    return &a;
}
void boo(){
    int a = 7;

}
int main(){
    int * p = foo();
    boo();
    printf("%d\n",*p);
}

输出可能是:7

这是因为从foo()返回后，堆栈被释放，然后被boo()重用。 如果你分解可执行文件，你会清楚地看到它。

可以，因为a是在其作用域的生命周期内临时分配的变量(foo函数)。从foo返回后，内存是空闲的，可以被覆盖。

你所做的被描述为未定义的行为。结果无法预测。

你在编译程序时启用了优化器吗?foo()函数非常简单，可能已经在结果代码中被内联或替换。

但是我同意Mark B的观点，结果行为是不确定的。

你只是返回一个内存地址，这是允许的，但可能是一个错误。

是的，如果你试图解引用该内存地址，你将有未定义的行为。

int * ref () {

 int tmp = 100;
 return &tmp;
}

int main () {

 int * a = ref();
 //Up until this point there is defined results
 //You can even print the address returned
 // but yes probably a bug

 cout << *a << endl;//Undefined results
}

如果使用::printf而不使用cout，控制台输出的内容可能会发生巨大变化。 你可以在以下代码中使用调试器(在x86, 32位，MSVisual Studio上测试):

char* foo() 
{
  char buf[10];
  ::strcpy(buf, "TEST”);
  return buf;
}

int main() 
{
  char* s = foo();    //place breakpoint & check 's' varialbe here
  ::printf("%s\n", s); 
}

It's 'Dirty' way of using memory addresses. When you return an address (pointer) you don't know whether it belongs to local scope of a function. It's just an address. Now that you invoked the 'foo' function, that address (memory location) of 'a' was already allocated there in the (safely, for now at least) addressable memory of your application (process). After the 'foo' function returned, the address of 'a' can be considered 'dirty' but it's there, not cleaned up, nor disturbed/modified by expressions in other part of program (in this specific case at least). A C/C++ compiler doesn't stop you from such 'dirty' access (might warn you though, if you care). You can safely use (update) any memory location that is in the data segment of your program instance (process) unless you protect the address by some means.