我如何在ActiveRecord设置默认值?
我看到Pratik的一篇文章，描述了一段丑陋而复杂的代码:http://m.onkey.org/2007/7/24/how-to-set-default-values-in-your-model
class Item < ActiveRecord::Base
def initialize_with_defaults(attrs = nil, &block)
initialize_without_defaults(attrs) do
setter = lambda { |key, value| self.send("#{key.to_s}=", value) unless
!attrs.nil? && attrs.keys.map(&:to_s).include?(key.to_s) }
setter.call('scheduler_type', 'hotseat')
yield self if block_given?
end
end
alias_method_chain :initialize, :defaults
end
我在谷歌上看到了以下例子:
def initialize
super
self.status = ACTIVE unless self.status
end
and
def after_initialize
return unless new_record?
self.status = ACTIVE
end
我也见过有人把它放在迁移中，但我更愿意看到它在模型代码中定义。
是否有一个规范的方法来设置默认值的字段在ActiveRecord模型?
一些简单的情况可以通过在数据库模式中定义默认值来处理，但这不能处理许多棘手的情况，包括其他模型的计算值和键。对于这些情况，我这样做:
after_initialize :defaults
def defaults
unless persisted?
self.extras||={}
self.other_stuff||="This stuff"
self.assoc = [OtherModel.find_by_name('special')]
end
end
我决定使用after_initialize，但我不希望它应用于只发现那些新的或创建的对象。我认为几乎令人震惊的是，这个明显的用例没有提供一个after_new回调，但我已经通过确认对象是否已经被持久化来表明它不是新的。
看过Brad Murray的回答后，如果条件被移动到回调请求，这就更加清晰了:
after_initialize :defaults, unless: :persisted?
# ":if => :new_record?" is equivalent in this context
def defaults
self.extras||={}
self.other_stuff||="This stuff"
self.assoc = [OtherModel.find_by_name('special')]
end
每个可用的方法都有几个问题，但我认为定义一个after_initialize回调是正确的方法，原因如下:
default_scope will initialize values for new models, but then that will become the scope on which you find the model. If you just want to initialize some numbers to 0 then this is not what you want.
Defining defaults in your migration also works part of the time... As has already been mentioned this will not work when you just call Model.new.
Overriding initialize can work, but don't forget to call super!
Using a plugin like phusion's is getting a bit ridiculous. This is ruby, do we really need a plugin just to initialize some default values?
Overriding after_initialize is deprecated as of Rails 3. When I override after_initialize in rails 3.0.3 I get the following warning in the console:
弃用警告:Base#after_initialize已弃用，请使用Base。After_initialize:方法代替。(调用from /Users/me/myapp/app/models/my_model:15)
因此，我要说的是写一个after_initialize回调函数，它允许你在关联上设置默认属性，就像这样:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :address
after_initialize :init
def init
self.number ||= 0.0 #will set the default value only if it's nil
self.address ||= build_address #let's you set a default association
end
end
现在您只有一个地方可以寻找模型的初始化。我一直在用这个方法，直到有人提出更好的方法。
警告:
For boolean fields do:
self.bool_field = true if self.bool_field.nil?
See Paul Russell's comment on this answer for more details
If you're only selecting a subset of columns for a model (ie; using select in a query like Person.select(:firstname, :lastname).all) you will get a MissingAttributeError if your init method accesses a column that hasn't been included in the select clause. You can guard against this case like so:
self.number ||= 0.0 if self.has_attribute? :number
and for a boolean column...
self.bool_field = true if (self.has_attribute? :bool_value) && self.bool_field.nil?
Also note that the syntax is different prior to Rails 3.2 (see Cliff Darling's comment below)
我遇到了问题after_initialize给出ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError错误时做复杂的发现:
eg:
@bottles = Bottle.includes(:supplier, :substance).where(search).order("suppliers.name ASC").paginate(:page => page_no)
where中的"search"是条件哈希值
所以我用这种方式重写了初始化:
def initialize
super
default_values
end
private
def default_values
self.date_received ||= Date.current
end
super调用是必要的，以确保在执行自定义代码(即:default_values)之前从ActiveRecord::Base正确初始化对象
