2019年在API 28上测试，无论用户是否设置了纵向方向，与另一个过时的答案相比，使用最少的代码，以下代码提供了正确的方向:

/** @return The {@link Configuration#ORIENTATION_SQUARE}, {@link Configuration#ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT}, {@link Configuration#ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE} constants based on the current phone screen pixel relations. */
private int getScreenOrientation()
{
    DisplayMetrics dm = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics(); // Screen rotation effected

    if(dm.widthPixels == dm.heightPixels)
        return Configuration.ORIENTATION_SQUARE;
    else
        return dm.widthPixels < dm.heightPixels ? Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT : Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
}

Android SDK可以很好地告诉你:

getResources().getConfiguration().orientation

用这种方法，

    int orientation = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;
    String Orintaion = "";
    switch (orientation)
    {
        case Configuration.ORIENTATION_UNDEFINED: Orintaion = "Undefined"; break;
        case Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE: Orintaion = "Landscrape"; break;
        case Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT:  Orintaion = "Portrait"; break;
        default: Orintaion = "Square";break;
    }

在字符串中，你有方向

还有一种方法:

public int getOrientation()
{
    if(getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels>getResources().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels)
    { 
        Toast t = Toast.makeText(this,"LANDSCAPE",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        t.show();
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        Toast t = Toast.makeText(this,"PORTRAIT",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        t.show();
        return 2;
    }       
}

有很多方法可以做到这一点，这段代码适合我

 if (this.getWindow().getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
                .getOrientation() == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT) {
             // portrait mode
} else if (this.getWindow().getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
                .getOrientation() == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
                      // landscape
        }

在运行时检查屏幕方向。

@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
    super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);

    // Checks the orientation of the screen
    if (newConfig.orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "landscape", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    } else if (newConfig.orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT){
        Toast.makeText(this, "portrait", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        
    }
}