我对使用async修饰符进行异步编程并不熟悉。我试图弄清楚如何确保我的控制台应用程序的主要方法实际上是异步运行的。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Bootstrapper bs = new Bootstrapper();
var list = bs.GetList();
}
}
public class Bootstrapper {
public async Task<List<TvChannel>> GetList()
{
GetPrograms pro = new GetPrograms();
return await pro.DownloadTvChannels();
}
}
我知道这不是从“顶层”异步运行的。由于不可能在Main方法上指定异步修饰符，我如何在Main中异步运行代码?
当前回答
下面的代码可以用来创建一个主异步。我已经调整它使用长时间运行的任务(了解更多信息在这里:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.taskcreationoptions?view=net-7.0)
它还实现了来自上述响应的取消令牌。
private static int Main(string[] args)
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
Console.CancelKeyPress += (s, e) =>
{
e.Cancel = !cts.IsCancellationRequested;
cts.Cancel();
Console.WriteLine("CancellationRequested");
};
try
{
var task = new Task<int>(
() => MainAsync(args, cts.Token).GetAwaiter().GetResult(),
cts.Token,
TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning //https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.taskcreationoptions?view=net-7.0
);
task.Start();
var exitCode = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
/*Or this.*/
//var exitCode = MainAsync(args, cts.Token).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
return exitCode;// MainAsync(args, cts.Token).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return 1223; // Cancelled.
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
return -1;
}
}
private static async Task<int> MainAsync(string[] args, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await Something()
return;
}
在下面的例子中，我写了。你可以使用maxDegreeOfParallelism & numberOfIteration来理解/查看任务是如何处理的。学习TPL很好的起点!
private static async Task<int> MainAsync(string[] args, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var infos = new ConcurrentBag<Info>();
var mySuperUselessService = new BigWorkload();
int numberOfSecond = 1;
int numberOfIteration = 25; //Experiment with this
int maxDegreeOfParallelism = 4; //Experiment with this
var simulateWorkTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(numberOfSecond);
var informations = Enumerable.Range(1, numberOfIteration)
.Select(x => new Info() { Index = x });
var count = informations.Count();
var chunkNeeded = Math.Round(count / Convert.ToDecimal(maxDegreeOfParallelism), MidpointRounding.ToPositiveInfinity);
var splashInfo = @$"
Press CTRL + C to cancel.
Processing {count} items, maxDegreeOfParallelism set to {maxDegreeOfParallelism}.
But it will be bound by the core on the machine {Environment.ProcessorCount}.
This operation should take ~{chunkNeeded * (numberOfSecond + 0.01m)}s
And will be starting test in 2s
";
Console.WriteLine(splashInfo);
await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
var parralelOptions = new ParallelOptions() { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = maxDegreeOfParallelism, CancellationToken = cancellationToken};
var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch.Start();
var forLoopTask = Parallel.ForEachAsync(informations, parralelOptions, async (info, token) =>
{
await mySuperUselessService.Simulate(simulateWorkTime, info);
Console.WriteLine(info);
infos.Add(info);
});
await forLoopTask;
stopwatch.Stop();
foreach (var grouped in infos.GroupBy(x => x.ManagedThreadId))
{
Console.WriteLine($"ThreadId: {grouped.Key}");
foreach (var item in grouped)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\t Index: {item.Index} {item.TaskCurrentId}");
}
}
Console.WriteLine($"NumberOfThread: {infos.GroupBy(x => x.ManagedThreadId).Count()}");
Console.WriteLine($"Elasped: {stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000d}s");
Console.WriteLine(splashInfo);
return 0;
}
其他回答
这是假设，但我在想:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var context = new Thread(() => /*do stuff*/);
context.Start();
context.Join();
}
对于从Main异步调用任务，使用
Task.Run()用于。net 4.5 Task.Factory.StartNew() for .NET 4.0(可能需要Microsoft.Bcl.Async库用于async和await关键字)
细节: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pfxteam/archive/2011/10/24/10229468.aspx
在Main中尝试将GetList调用更改为:
Task.Run(() => bs.GetList());
如果你使用的是c# 7.1或更高版本，使用nawfal的答案，只需将Main方法的返回类型更改为Task或Task<int>。如果你不是:
有一个像Johan说的异步任务MainAsync。 调用它的. getawaiter (). getresult()来捕获像do0g所说的底层异常。 像科里说的那样取消支持。 第二个CTRL+C应该立即终止该进程。(谢谢binki !) 处理OperationCancelledException -返回适当的错误码。
最终代码如下:
private static int Main(string[] args)
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
Console.CancelKeyPress += (s, e) =>
{
e.Cancel = !cts.IsCancellationRequested;
cts.Cancel();
};
try
{
return MainAsync(args, cts.Token).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
return 1223; // Cancelled.
}
}
private static async Task<int> MainAsync(string[] args, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Your code...
return await Task.FromResult(0); // Success.
}
当c# 5 CTP被引入时，你当然可以用async…尽管这样做通常不是个好主意。我相信这是在VS 2013的发布中改变的，成为一个错误。
除非你已经启动了任何其他前台线程，否则你的程序将在Main完成时退出，即使它已经启动了一些后台工作。
你到底想做什么?请注意，你的GetList()方法目前真的不需要是异步的——它添加了一个额外的层，没有真正的原因。它在逻辑上等价于(但比):
public Task<List<TvChannel>> GetList()
{
return new GetPrograms().DownloadTvChannels();
}
