我发现一个定义说，层是逻辑分离，层是物理分离。

我发现一个定义说，层是逻辑分离，层是物理分离。

IBM的三层体系结构文章有一个章节专门讨论这个主题:

In discussions of three-tier architecture, layer is often used interchangeably – and mistakenly – for tier, as in 'presentation layer' or 'business logic layer.' They aren't the same. A 'layer' refers to a functional division of the software, but a 'tier' refers to a functional division of the software that runs on infrastructure separate from the other divisions. The Contacts app on your phone, for example, is a three-layer application, but a single-tier application, because all three layers run on your phone. The difference is important, because layers can't offer the same benefits as tiers.

我使用层来描述我的解决方案组件中的架构师或技术堆栈。通常在涉及网络或进程间通信时，我使用层对这些组件进行逻辑分组。

In plain english, the Tier refers to "each in a series of rows or levels of a structure placed one above the other" whereas the Layer refers to "a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body". Tier is a physical unit, where the code / process runs. E.g.: client, application server, database server; Layer is a logical unit, how to organize the code. E.g.: presentation (view), controller, models, repository, data access. Tiers represent the physical separation of the presentation, business, services, and data functionality of your design across separate computers and systems. Layers are the logical groupings of the software components that make up the application or service. They help to differentiate between the different kinds of tasks performed by the components, making it easier to create a design that supports reusability of components. Each logical layer contains a number of discrete component types grouped into sublayers, with each sublayer performing a specific type of task.

两层模式表示客户机和服务器。

在此场景中，客户机和服务器可能存在于同一台机器上，也可能位于两台不同的机器上。下图演示了一个常见的Web应用程序场景，其中客户机与位于客户机层的Web服务器交互。该层包含表示层逻辑和任何所需的业务层逻辑。Web应用程序与承载数据库层的独立机器通信，数据库层包含数据层逻辑。

分层的优点:

Layering helps you to maximize maintainability of the code, optimize the way that the application works when deployed in different ways, and provide a clear delineation between locations where certain technology or design decisions must be made. Placing your layers on separate physical tiers can help performance by distributing the load across multiple servers. It can also help with security by segregating more sensitive components and layers onto different networks or on the Internet versus an intranet.

1层应用程序可以是3层应用程序。

阅读Scott Hanselman关于这个问题的帖子:关于“三/多层/层架构/设计”的提醒:

请记住，在“Scott的世界”(希望也是你的世界:)中，“Tier”是一个部署单元，而“Layer”是代码中责任的逻辑分离。你可能会说你有一个“三层”系统，但在一台笔记本电脑上运行它。你可能会说你有一个“三层”系统，但只有ASP。与数据库对话的NET页。精准就是力量，朋友们。