就像字符串一样。Gmatch将查找字符串中的模式，这个函数将查找模式之间的内容:

function string:split(pat)
  pat = pat or '%s+'
  local st, g = 1, self:gmatch("()("..pat..")")
  local function getter(segs, seps, sep, cap1, ...)
    st = sep and seps + #sep
    return self:sub(segs, (seps or 0) - 1), cap1 or sep, ...
  end
  return function() if st then return getter(st, g()) end end
end

默认情况下，它返回由空格分隔的任何内容。

因为剥猫皮的方法不止一种，下面是我的方法:

代码:

#!/usr/bin/env lua

local content = [=[
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna 
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation 
ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
]=]

local function split(str, sep)
   local result = {}
   local regex = ("([^%s]+)"):format(sep)
   for each in str:gmatch(regex) do
      table.insert(result, each)
   end
   return result
end

local lines = split(content, "\n")
for _,line in ipairs(lines) do
   print(line)
end

输出: 圣洁圣洁的人， sed做eiusmod时间incididunt ut并dolore麦格纳 aliqua。Ut enim ad minivenim, quis nostrud practice 这一切都是徒劳的结果。

解释:

gmatch函数作为一个迭代器，它获取所有与regex匹配的字符串。正则表达式接受所有字符，直到找到分隔符为止。

就像字符串一样。Gmatch将查找字符串中的模式，这个函数将查找模式之间的内容:

function string:split(pat)
  pat = pat or '%s+'
  local st, g = 1, self:gmatch("()("..pat..")")
  local function getter(segs, seps, sep, cap1, ...)
    st = sep and seps + #sep
    return self:sub(segs, (seps or 0) - 1), cap1 or sep, ...
  end
  return function() if st then return getter(st, g()) end end
end

默认情况下，它返回由空格分隔的任何内容。

对于那些从“在Lua中编程”这本书的练习10.1中学习过的人来说，似乎很清楚我们不能使用后面书中解释的概念(迭代器)，而且函数应该接受多个字符分隔符。

split()是一个让模式匹配不需要的内容(split)并在空字符串上返回一个空表的技巧。plainSplit()的返回更像其他语言中的split。

magic = "([%%%.%(%)%+%*%?%[%]%^%$])"

function split(str, sep, plain)
    if plain then sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1") end
    
    local N = '\255'
    str = N..str..N
    str = string.gsub(str, sep, N..N)

    local result = {}
    for word in string.gmatch(str, N.."(.-)"..N) do
        if word ~= "" then
            table.insert(result, word)
        end
    end
    return result
end


function plainSplit(str, sep)
    sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1")

    local result = {}
    local start = 0
    repeat
        start = start + 1

        local from, to = string.find(str, sep, start)
        from = from and from-1
        
        local word = string.sub(str, start, from, true)
        table.insert(result, word)

        start = to
    until start == nil

    return result
end


function tableToString(t)
    local ret = "{"
    for _, word in ipairs(t) do
        ret = ret .. '"' .. word .. '", '
    end
    ret = string.sub(ret, 1, -3)
    ret = ret .. "}"

    return #ret > 1 and ret or "{}"
end

function runSplit(func, title, str, sep, plain)
    print("\n" .. title)
    print("str: '"..str.."'")
    print("sep: '"..sep.."'")
    local t = func(str, sep, plain)
    print("-- t = " .. tableToString(t))
end



print("\n\n\n=== Pattern split ===")
runSplit(split, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(split, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(split, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(split, "Pattern seperator", "a1whole2new3world", "%d")
runSplit(split, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%", true)
runSplit(split, "Control seperator", "a\0whole\1new\2world", "%c")
runSplit(split, "ISO Time", "2020-07-10T15:00:00.000", "[T:%-%.]")

runSplit(split, " === [Fails] with \\255 ===", "a\255whole\0new\0world", "\0", true)

runSplit(split, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")



print("\n\n\n=== Plain split ===")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%")

runSplit(plainSplit, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")

输出

=== Pattern split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Pattern seperator
str: 'a1whole2new3world'
sep: '%d'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Control seperator
str: 'awholenewworld'
sep: '%c'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

ISO Time
str: '2020-07-10T15:00:00.000'
sep: '[T:%-%.]'
-- t = {"2020", "07", "10", "15", "00", "00", "000"}

 === [Fails] with \255 ===
str: 'a�wholenewworld'
sep: ''
-- t = {"a"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {}



=== Plain split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"", "", "a", "", "whole", "", "", "new", "world", "", ""}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {""}

如果你只想遍历这些令牌，这是非常简洁的:

line = "one, two and 3!"

for token in string.gmatch(line, "[^%s]+") do
   print(token)
end

输出:

一个, 两个 而且 3！

简单解释:“[^%s]+”模式匹配空格字符之间的每个非空字符串。

函数如下:

function split(pString, pPattern)
   local Table = {}  -- NOTE: use {n = 0} in Lua-5.0
   local fpat = "(.-)" .. pPattern
   local last_end = 1
   local s, e, cap = pString:find(fpat, 1)
   while s do
      if s ~= 1 or cap ~= "" then
     table.insert(Table,cap)
      end
      last_end = e+1
      s, e, cap = pString:find(fpat, last_end)
   end
   if last_end <= #pString then
      cap = pString:sub(last_end)
      table.insert(Table, cap)
   end
   return Table
end

这样称呼它:

list=split(string_to_split,pattern_to_match)

例如:

list=split("1:2:3:4","\:")

更多信息请点击这里: http://lua-users.org/wiki/SplitJoin