只是坐在分隔符上

local str = 'one,two'
local regxEverythingExceptComma = '([^,]+)'
for x in string.gmatch(str, regxEverythingExceptComma) do
    print(x)
end

你可以使用penlight图书馆。它有一个使用分隔符分割字符串的函数，输出列表。

它实现了许多我们在编程时可能需要和Lua中缺少的功能。

下面是使用它的示例。

> 
> stringx = require "pl.stringx"
> 
> str = "welcome to the world of lua"
> 
> arr = stringx.split(str, " ")
> 
> arr
{welcome,to,the,world,of,lua}
> 

对于那些从“在Lua中编程”这本书的练习10.1中学习过的人来说，似乎很清楚我们不能使用后面书中解释的概念(迭代器)，而且函数应该接受多个字符分隔符。

split()是一个让模式匹配不需要的内容(split)并在空字符串上返回一个空表的技巧。plainSplit()的返回更像其他语言中的split。

magic = "([%%%.%(%)%+%*%?%[%]%^%$])"

function split(str, sep, plain)
    if plain then sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1") end
    
    local N = '\255'
    str = N..str..N
    str = string.gsub(str, sep, N..N)

    local result = {}
    for word in string.gmatch(str, N.."(.-)"..N) do
        if word ~= "" then
            table.insert(result, word)
        end
    end
    return result
end


function plainSplit(str, sep)
    sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1")

    local result = {}
    local start = 0
    repeat
        start = start + 1

        local from, to = string.find(str, sep, start)
        from = from and from-1
        
        local word = string.sub(str, start, from, true)
        table.insert(result, word)

        start = to
    until start == nil

    return result
end


function tableToString(t)
    local ret = "{"
    for _, word in ipairs(t) do
        ret = ret .. '"' .. word .. '", '
    end
    ret = string.sub(ret, 1, -3)
    ret = ret .. "}"

    return #ret > 1 and ret or "{}"
end

function runSplit(func, title, str, sep, plain)
    print("\n" .. title)
    print("str: '"..str.."'")
    print("sep: '"..sep.."'")
    local t = func(str, sep, plain)
    print("-- t = " .. tableToString(t))
end



print("\n\n\n=== Pattern split ===")
runSplit(split, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(split, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(split, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(split, "Pattern seperator", "a1whole2new3world", "%d")
runSplit(split, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%", true)
runSplit(split, "Control seperator", "a\0whole\1new\2world", "%c")
runSplit(split, "ISO Time", "2020-07-10T15:00:00.000", "[T:%-%.]")

runSplit(split, " === [Fails] with \\255 ===", "a\255whole\0new\0world", "\0", true)

runSplit(split, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")



print("\n\n\n=== Plain split ===")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%")

runSplit(plainSplit, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")

输出

=== Pattern split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Pattern seperator
str: 'a1whole2new3world'
sep: '%d'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Control seperator
str: 'awholenewworld'
sep: '%c'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

ISO Time
str: '2020-07-10T15:00:00.000'
sep: '[T:%-%.]'
-- t = {"2020", "07", "10", "15", "00", "00", "000"}

 === [Fails] with \255 ===
str: 'a�wholenewworld'
sep: ''
-- t = {"a"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {}



=== Plain split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"", "", "a", "", "whole", "", "", "new", "world", "", ""}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {""}

根据用例，这可能是有用的。它将剪切标志两侧的所有文本:

b = "This is a string used for testing"

--Removes unwanted text
c = (b:match("a([^/]+)used"))

print (c)

输出:

string

下面是一个在Lua 4.0中工作的例程，返回inputstr中由sep分隔的子字符串的表t:

function string_split(inputstr, sep)
    local inputstr = inputstr .. sep
    local idx, inc, t = 0, 1, {}
    local idx_prev, substr
    repeat 
        idx_prev = idx
        inputstr = strsub(inputstr, idx + 1, -1)    -- chop off the beginning of the string containing the match last found by strfind (or initially, nothing); keep the rest (or initially, all)
        idx = strfind(inputstr, sep)                -- find the 0-based r_index of the first occurrence of separator 
        if idx == nil then break end                -- quit if nothing's found
        substr = strsub(inputstr, 0, idx)           -- extract the substring occurring before the separator (i.e., data field before the next delimiter)
        substr = gsub(substr, "[%c" .. sep .. " ]", "") -- eliminate control characters, separator and spaces
        t[inc] = substr             -- store the substring (i.e., data field)
        inc = inc + 1               -- iterate to next
    until idx == nil
    return t
end

这个简单的测试

inputstr = "the brown lazy fox jumped over the fat grey hen ... or something."
sep = " " 
t = {}
t = string_split(inputstr,sep)
for i=1,15 do
    print(i, t[i])
end

收益率:

--> t[1]=the
--> t[2]=brown
--> t[3]=lazy
--> t[4]=fox
--> t[5]=jumped
--> t[6]=over
--> t[7]=the
--> t[8]=fat
--> t[9]=grey
--> t[10]=hen
--> t[11]=...
--> t[12]=or
--> t[13]=something.

你可以使用这个方法:

function string:split(delimiter)
  local result = { }
  local from  = 1
  local delim_from, delim_to = string.find( self, delimiter, from  )
  while delim_from do
    table.insert( result, string.sub( self, from , delim_from-1 ) )
    from  = delim_to + 1
    delim_from, delim_to = string.find( self, delimiter, from  )
  end
  table.insert( result, string.sub( self, from  ) )
  return result
end

delimiter = string.split(stringtodelimite,pattern)