这是Py3.9+版本的Limmy+EricChiang的解决方案。

import json
import urllib.request
from distutils.version import StrictVersion


# print PyPI versions of package
def versions(package_name):
    url = "https://pypi.org/pypi/%s/json" % (package_name,)
    data = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))
    versions = list(data["releases"])
    sortfunc = lambda x: StrictVersion(x.replace('rc', 'b').translate(str.maketrans('cdefghijklmn', 'bbbbbbbbbbbb')))
    versions.sort(key=sortfunc)
    return versions

我没有任何蛋黄，yolk3k或pip install -v的运气，但我最终使用了这个(从eric chiang的答案改编到Python 3):

import json
import requests
from distutils.version import StrictVersion

def versions(package_name):
    url = "https://pypi.python.org/pypi/{}/json".format(package_name)
    data = requests.get(url).json()
    return sorted(list(data["releases"].keys()), key=StrictVersion, reverse=True)

>>> print("\n".join(versions("gunicorn")))
19.1.1
19.1.0
19.0.0
18.0
17.5
0.17.4
0.17.3
...

在看了一段时间pip的代码之后，负责定位包的代码似乎可以在pip.index中的PackageFinder类中找到。它的方法find_requirement查找InstallRequirement的版本，但不幸的是只返回最新的版本。

下面的代码几乎是原始函数的1:1副本，只是第114行中的返回值更改为返回所有版本。

脚本期望一个包名作为第一个也是唯一的参数，并返回所有版本。

http://pastebin.com/axzdUQhZ

我不能保证正确，因为我不熟悉pip的代码。但希望这能帮到你。

样例输出

python test.py pip

Versions of pip
0.8.2
0.8.1
0.8
0.7.2
0.7.1
0.7
0.6.3
0.6.2
0.6.1
0.6
0.5.1
0.5
0.4
0.3.1
0.3
0.2.1
0.2 dev

代码:

import posixpath
import pkg_resources
import sys
from pip.download import url_to_path
from pip.exceptions import DistributionNotFound
from pip.index import PackageFinder, Link
from pip.log import logger
from pip.req import InstallRequirement
from pip.util import Inf


class MyPackageFinder(PackageFinder):

    def find_requirement(self, req, upgrade):
        url_name = req.url_name
        # Only check main index if index URL is given:
        main_index_url = None
        if self.index_urls:
            # Check that we have the url_name correctly spelled:
            main_index_url = Link(posixpath.join(self.index_urls[0], url_name))
            # This will also cache the page, so it's okay that we get it again later:
            page = self._get_page(main_index_url, req)
            if page is None:
                url_name = self._find_url_name(Link(self.index_urls[0]), url_name, req) or req.url_name

        # Combine index URLs with mirror URLs here to allow
        # adding more index URLs from requirements files
        all_index_urls = self.index_urls + self.mirror_urls

        def mkurl_pypi_url(url):
            loc = posixpath.join(url, url_name)
            # For maximum compatibility with easy_install, ensure the path
            # ends in a trailing slash.  Although this isn't in the spec
            # (and PyPI can handle it without the slash) some other index
            # implementations might break if they relied on easy_install's behavior.
            if not loc.endswith('/'):
                loc = loc + '/'
            return loc
        if url_name is not None:
            locations = [
                mkurl_pypi_url(url)
                for url in all_index_urls] + self.find_links
        else:
            locations = list(self.find_links)
        locations.extend(self.dependency_links)
        for version in req.absolute_versions:
            if url_name is not None and main_index_url is not None:
                locations = [
                    posixpath.join(main_index_url.url, version)] + locations

        file_locations, url_locations = self._sort_locations(locations)

        locations = [Link(url) for url in url_locations]
        logger.debug('URLs to search for versions for %s:' % req)
        for location in locations:
            logger.debug('* %s' % location)
        found_versions = []
        found_versions.extend(
            self._package_versions(
                [Link(url, '-f') for url in self.find_links], req.name.lower()))
        page_versions = []
        for page in self._get_pages(locations, req):
            logger.debug('Analyzing links from page %s' % page.url)
            logger.indent += 2
            try:
                page_versions.extend(self._package_versions(page.links, req.name.lower()))
            finally:
                logger.indent -= 2
        dependency_versions = list(self._package_versions(
            [Link(url) for url in self.dependency_links], req.name.lower()))
        if dependency_versions:
            logger.info('dependency_links found: %s' % ', '.join([link.url for parsed, link, version in dependency_versions]))
        file_versions = list(self._package_versions(
                [Link(url) for url in file_locations], req.name.lower()))
        if not found_versions and not page_versions and not dependency_versions and not file_versions:
            logger.fatal('Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement %s' % req)
            raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
        if req.satisfied_by is not None:
            found_versions.append((req.satisfied_by.parsed_version, Inf, req.satisfied_by.version))
        if file_versions:
            file_versions.sort(reverse=True)
            logger.info('Local files found: %s' % ', '.join([url_to_path(link.url) for parsed, link, version in file_versions]))
            found_versions = file_versions + found_versions
        all_versions = found_versions + page_versions + dependency_versions
        applicable_versions = []
        for (parsed_version, link, version) in all_versions:
            if version not in req.req:
                logger.info("Ignoring link %s, version %s doesn't match %s"
                            % (link, version, ','.join([''.join(s) for s in req.req.specs])))
                continue
            applicable_versions.append((link, version))
        applicable_versions = sorted(applicable_versions, key=lambda v: pkg_resources.parse_version(v[1]), reverse=True)
        existing_applicable = bool([link for link, version in applicable_versions if link is Inf])
        if not upgrade and existing_applicable:
            if applicable_versions[0][1] is Inf:
                logger.info('Existing installed version (%s) is most up-to-date and satisfies requirement'
                            % req.satisfied_by.version)
            else:
                logger.info('Existing installed version (%s) satisfies requirement (most up-to-date version is %s)'
                            % (req.satisfied_by.version, applicable_versions[0][1]))
            return None
        if not applicable_versions:
            logger.fatal('Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s (from versions: %s)'
                         % (req, ', '.join([version for parsed_version, link, version in found_versions])))
            raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions matching the version for %s' % req)
        if applicable_versions[0][0] is Inf:
            # We have an existing version, and its the best version
            logger.info('Installed version (%s) is most up-to-date (past versions: %s)'
                        % (req.satisfied_by.version, ', '.join([version for link, version in applicable_versions[1:]]) or 'none'))
            return None
        if len(applicable_versions) > 1:
            logger.info('Using version %s (newest of versions: %s)' %
                        (applicable_versions[0][1], ', '.join([version for link, version in applicable_versions])))
        return applicable_versions


if __name__ == '__main__':
    req = InstallRequirement.from_line(sys.argv[1], None)
    finder = MyPackageFinder([], ['http://pypi.python.org/simple/'])
    versions = finder.find_requirement(req, False)
    print 'Versions of %s' % sys.argv[1]
    for v in versions:
        print v[1]

这适用于我在OSX:

pip install docker-compose== 2>&1 \
| grep -oE '(\(.*\))' \
| awk -F:\  '{print$NF}' \
| sed -E 's/( |\))//g' \
| tr ',' '\n'

它每行返回一个列表:

1.1.0rc1
1.1.0rc2
1.1.0
1.2.0rc1
1.2.0rc2
1.2.0rc3
1.2.0rc4
1.2.0
1.3.0rc1
1.3.0rc2
1.3.0rc3
1.3.0
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.4.0rc1
1.4.0rc2
1.4.0rc3
1.4.0
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.5.0rc1
1.5.0rc2
1.5.0rc3
1.5.0
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6.0rc1
1.6.0
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.7.0rc1
1.7.0rc2
1.7.0
1.7.1
1.8.0rc1
1.8.0rc2
1.8.0
1.8.1
1.9.0rc1
1.9.0rc2
1.9.0rc3
1.9.0rc4
1.9.0
1.10.0rc1
1.10.0rc2
1.10.0

或获取最新版本:

pip install docker-compose== 2>&1 \
| grep -oE '(\(.*\))' \
| awk -F:\  '{print$NF}' \
| sed -E 's/( |\))//g' \
| tr ',' '\n' \
| gsort -r -V \
| head -1

1.10.0rc2

请记住，必须安装gsort(在OSX上)来解析版本。您可以使用brew install coreutils安装它

(更新:截至2020年3月，许多人报告说，通过pip install yolk3k安装的蛋黄只返回最新版本。克里斯的回答似乎获得了最多的赞，对我来说很有用)

在pastebin中的脚本可以工作。但是，如果您使用多个环境/主机，这就不太方便了，因为每次都必须复制/创建它。

更好的全面解决方案是使用yolk3k，它可以与pip一起安装。例如，查看Django的可用版本:

$ pip install yolk3k
$ yolk -V django
Django 1.3
Django 1.2.5
Django 1.2.4
Django 1.2.3
Django 1.2.2
Django 1.2.1
Django 1.2
Django 1.1.4
Django 1.1.3
Django 1.1.2
Django 1.0.4

Yolk3k是原蛋黄的一个分支，于2012年停止开发。虽然不再维护蛋黄(如下面的评论所示)，但蛋黄3k似乎是并支持Python 3。

注意:我没有参与蛋黄3k的形成。如果有些东西似乎没有像它应该的那样工作，在这里留下评论应该不会有太大的区别。如果可能的话，请使用yolk3k问题跟踪器，并考虑提交修复程序。

更新:

也许解决方案不再需要了，检查这个答案的注释。

原来的答案

对于20.03以上的pip版本，您可以使用旧的求解器来获得所有可用的版本:

$ pip install  --use-deprecated=legacy-resolver pylibmc==
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pylibmc== (from    
versions: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.5.1, 0.5.2, 0.5.3, 0.5.4, 0.5.5, 0.6, 0.6.1,
0.7, 0.7.1, 0.7.2, 0.7.3, 0.7.4, 0.8, 0.8.1, 0.8.2, 0.9, 0.9.1, 0.9.2, 1.0a0, 
1.0b0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.1.1, 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.3.0, 1.4.0, 1.4.1, 
1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.100.dev0, 1.6.0, 1.6.1)

ERROR: No matching distribution found for pylibmc==