文件描述符只是任何开放资源的引用。只要您打开一个资源，内核就假定您将对其进行一些操作。所有通过程序和资源的通信都发生在一个接口上，这个接口由文件描述符提供。

由于一个进程可以打开多个资源，所以一个资源可能有多个文件描述符。 你可以通过简单地运行， Ls -li /proc/<pid>/fd/这里的pid是进程的进程id

A file descriptor is an opaque handle that is used in the interface between user and kernel space to identify file/socket resources. Therefore, when you use open() or socket() (system calls to interface to the kernel), you are given a file descriptor, which is an integer (it is actually an index into the processes u structure - but that is not important). Therefore, if you want to interface directly with the kernel, using system calls to read(), write(), close() etc. the handle you use is a file descriptor.

系统调用上覆盖了一个抽象层，即stdio接口。这比基本的系统调用提供了更多的功能/特性。对于这个接口，您获得的不透明句柄是一个FILE*，它由fopen()调用返回。有很多很多函数使用stdio接口fprintf()， fscanf()， fclose()，它们让你的生活更简单。在C语言中，stdin、stdout和stderr分别是FILE*，在UNIX中分别映射到文件描述符0、1和2。

文件描述符(FD):

In Linux/Unix, everything is a file. Regular file, Directories, and even Devices are files. Every File has an associated number called File Descriptor (FD). Your screen also has a File Descriptor. When a program is executed the output is sent to File Descriptor of the screen, and you see program output on your monitor. If the output is sent to File Descriptor of the printer, the program output would have been printed. Error Redirection : Whenever you execute a program/command at the terminal, 3 files are always open standard input standard output standard error. These files are always present whenever a program is run. As explained before a file descriptor, is associated with each of these files. File                                        File Descriptor Standard Input STDIN              0 Standard Output STDOUT       1 Standard Error STDERR          2 For instance, while searching for files, one typically gets permission denied errors or some other kind of errors. These errors can be saved to a particular file. Example 1

$ ls mydir 2>错误文件.txt

标准错误的文件描述符是2。 如果没有任何名为mydir的目录，则命令的输出将保存到文件errorfile.txt 使用"2>"将错误输出重定向到名为"errorfile.txt"的文件 因此，程序输出不会充满错误。 我希望你得到了答案。

文件描述符

To Kernel all open files are referred to by file descriptors. A file descriptor is a non - negative integer. When we open an existing or create a new file, the kernel returns a file descriptor to a process. When we want to read or write on a file, we identify the file with file descriptor that was retuned by open or create, as an argument to either read or write. Each UNIX process has 20 file descriptors and it disposal, numbered 0 through 19 but it was extended to 63 by many systems. The first three are already opened when the process begins 0: The standard input 1: The standard output 2: The standard error output When the parent process forks a process, the child process inherits the file descriptors of the parent

As an addition to other answers, unix considers everything as a file system. Your keyboard is a file that is read only from the perspective of the kernel. The screen is a write only file. Similarly, folders, input-output devices etc are also considered to be files. Whenever a file is opened, say when the device drivers[for device files] requests an open(), or a process opens an user file the kernel allocates a file descriptor, an integer that specifies the access to that file such it being read only, write only etc. [for reference : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_is_a_file ]

文件描述符只是任何开放资源的引用。只要您打开一个资源，内核就假定您将对其进行一些操作。所有通过程序和资源的通信都发生在一个接口上，这个接口由文件描述符提供。

由于一个进程可以打开多个资源，所以一个资源可能有多个文件描述符。 你可以通过简单地运行， Ls -li /proc/<pid>/fd/这里的pid是进程的进程id