文件描述符只是任何开放资源的引用。只要您打开一个资源，内核就假定您将对其进行一些操作。所有通过程序和资源的通信都发生在一个接口上，这个接口由文件描述符提供。

由于一个进程可以打开多个资源，所以一个资源可能有多个文件描述符。 你可以通过简单地运行， Ls -li /proc/<pid>/fd/这里的pid是进程的进程id

除了以上所有简化的回答。

如果使用bash脚本处理文件，最好使用文件描述符。

例如: 如果你想读写文件"test.txt"，使用文件描述符如下所示:

FILE=$1 # give the name of file in the command line
exec 5<>$FILE # '5' here act as the file descriptor

# Reading from the file line by line using file descriptor
while read LINE; do
    echo "$LINE"
done <&5

# Writing to the file using descriptor
echo "Adding the date: `date`" >&5 
exec 5<&- # Closing a file descriptor

In simple words, when you open a file, the operating system creates an entry to represent that file and store the information about that opened file. So if there are 100 files opened in your OS then there will be 100 entries in OS (somewhere in kernel). These entries are represented by integers like (...100, 101, 102....). This entry number is the file descriptor. So it is just an integer number that uniquely represents an opened file for the process. If your process opens 10 files then your Process table will have 10 entries for file descriptors.

类似地，当您打开一个网络套接字时，它也由一个整数表示，称为套接字描述符。 我希望你能理解。

文件描述符只是任何开放资源的引用。只要您打开一个资源，内核就假定您将对其进行一些操作。所有通过程序和资源的通信都发生在一个接口上，这个接口由文件描述符提供。

由于一个进程可以打开多个资源，所以一个资源可能有多个文件描述符。 你可以通过简单地运行， Ls -li /proc/<pid>/fd/这里的pid是进程的进程id

来自马的嘴:APUE(理查德·史蒂文斯饰)。 对于内核，所有打开的文件都由文件描述符引用。文件描述符是非负数。

当我们打开一个现有文件或创建一个新文件时，内核会向进程返回一个文件描述符。内核维护一个包含所有正在使用的打开的文件描述符的表。文件描述符的分配通常是顺序的，它们从空闲文件描述符池中作为下一个空闲文件描述符分配给文件。关闭文件时，文件描述符将被释放，并可用于进一步分配。 请看这张图片了解更多细节:

When we want to read or write a file, we identify the file with the file descriptor that was returned by open() or create() function call, and use it as an argument to either read() or write(). It is by convention that, UNIX System shells associates the file descriptor 0 with Standard Input of a process, file descriptor 1 with Standard Output, and file descriptor 2 with Standard Error. File descriptor ranges from 0 to OPEN_MAX. File descriptor max value can be obtained with ulimit -n. For more information, go through 3rd chapter of APUE Book.

文件描述符

To Kernel all open files are referred to by file descriptors. A file descriptor is a non - negative integer. When we open an existing or create a new file, the kernel returns a file descriptor to a process. When we want to read or write on a file, we identify the file with file descriptor that was retuned by open or create, as an argument to either read or write. Each UNIX process has 20 file descriptors and it disposal, numbered 0 through 19 but it was extended to 63 by many systems. The first three are already opened when the process begins 0: The standard input 1: The standard output 2: The standard error output When the parent process forks a process, the child process inherits the file descriptors of the parent