IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT NULL
              FROM  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
              WHERE table_name = 'TableName'
                    AND table_schema = 'SchemaName'
                    AND column_name = 'ColumnName') BEGIN

  ALTER TABLE [SchemaName].[TableName] ADD [ColumnName] int(1) NOT NULL default '0';

END;

select distinct object_name(sc.id)
from syscolumns sc,sysobjects so  
where sc.name like '%col_name%' and so.type='U'

接受答案的临时表格版本：

if (exists(select 1
           from tempdb.sys.columns
           where Name = 'columnName'
                 and Object_ID = object_id('tempdb..#tableName')))
begin
...
end

首先检查dbo.syscolumns（包含字段定义的内部SQL Server表）中是否存在表/列（id/name）组合，如果不存在，则发出适当的ALTER table查询以添加它。例如：

IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT  *
            FROM    syscolumns
            WHERE   id = OBJECT_ID('Client')
                    AND name = 'Name' ) 
ALTER TABLE Client
ADD Name VARCHAR(64) NULL

我需要类似于SQL Server 2000的东西，正如Mitch所指出的，这只适用于SQL Server 2005或更高版本。

这就是我最终的工作：

if exists (
    select *
    from
        sysobjects, syscolumns
    where
        sysobjects.id = syscolumns.id
        and sysobjects.name = 'table'
        and syscolumns.name = 'column')

这在SQL Server 2000中对我有效：

IF EXISTS
(
    SELECT *
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE table_name = 'table_name'
    AND column_name = 'column_name'
)
BEGIN
...
END