试试这个。。。

IF NOT EXISTS(
  SELECT TOP 1 1
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE 
    [TABLE_NAME] = 'Employees'
    AND [COLUMN_NAME] = 'EmployeeID')
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE [Employees]
    ADD [EmployeeID] INT NULL
END

if exists (
  select * 
  from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
  where TABLE_NAME = '<table_name>' 
  and COLUMN_NAME = '<column_name>'
) begin
  print 'Column you have specified exists'
end else begin
  print 'Column does not exist'
end

IF EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_CATALOG = 'Database Name'
and TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema Name'
and TABLE_NAME = 'Table Name'
and COLUMN_NAME = 'Column Name'
and DATA_TYPE = 'Column Type') -- Where statement lines can be deleted.

BEGIN
  -- Column exists in table
END

ELSE BEGIN
  -- Column does not exist in table
END

如果列不存在，请执行以下操作：

BEGIN
    IF (COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Table]', 'Column ') IS NULL)
    BEGIN
        // Do something
    END
END;

如果列确实存在，请执行以下操作：

BEGIN
    IF (COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Table]', 'Column ') IS NOT NULL)
    BEGIN
        // Do something
    END
END;

试试这个。。。

IF NOT EXISTS(
  SELECT TOP 1 1
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE 
    [TABLE_NAME] = 'Employees'
    AND [COLUMN_NAME] = 'EmployeeID')
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE [Employees]
    ADD [EmployeeID] INT NULL
END

我更喜欢INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS而不是系统表，因为Microsoft不保证在不同版本之间保留系统表。例如，dbo.syscolumns在SQL Server 2008中仍然有效，但它已被弃用，将来可以随时删除。