执行以下查询以检查给定表中是否存在该列：

IF(SELECT COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'ColumnName') IS NOT NULL
PRINT 'Column Exists in the given table';

有几种方法可以检查列的存在。我强烈建议使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS，因为它是为了与用户通信而创建的。考虑下表：

 sys.objects
 sys.columns

甚至可以使用一些其他访问方法来检查系统目录。

此外，无需使用SELECT*，只需通过NULL值测试即可

IF EXISTS(
           SELECT NULL 
           FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
           WHERE
             TABLE_NAME = 'myTableName'
             AND COLUMN_NAME = 'myColumnName'
         ) 

您可以一次检查SQLDB中的多个列，并返回一个字符串作为状态以检查列是否存在：

IF EXISTS
        (
          SELECT *
          FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
          WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Table Name'
          AND(COLUMN_NAME = 'column 1'
          or COLUMN_NAME = 'column 2'
          or COLUMN_NAME = 'column 3'
          or COLUMN_NAME = 'column 4')
        )
        SELECT 'Column exists in table' AS[Status];
        ELSE
        SELECT 'Column does not exist in table' AS[Status];

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT NULL
              FROM  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
              WHERE table_name = 'TableName'
                    AND table_schema = 'SchemaName'
                    AND column_name = 'ColumnName') BEGIN

  ALTER TABLE [SchemaName].[TableName] ADD [ColumnName] int(1) NOT NULL default '0';

END;

试试这个。。。

IF NOT EXISTS(
  SELECT TOP 1 1
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE 
    [TABLE_NAME] = 'Employees'
    AND [COLUMN_NAME] = 'EmployeeID')
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE [Employees]
    ADD [EmployeeID] INT NULL
END

接受答案的临时表格版本：

if (exists(select 1
           from tempdb.sys.columns
           where Name = 'columnName'
                 and Object_ID = object_id('tempdb..#tableName')))
begin
...
end