这在SQL Server 2000中对我有效：

IF EXISTS
(
    SELECT *
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE table_name = 'table_name'
    AND column_name = 'column_name'
)
BEGIN
...
END

Wheat的答案很好，但它假设您在任何模式或数据库中都没有任何相同的表名/列名对。为了确保安全，使用这个。。。

select *
from Information_Schema.Columns
where Table_Catalog = 'DatabaseName'
  and Table_Schema = 'SchemaName'
  and Table_Name = 'TableName'
  and Column_Name = 'ColumnName'

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT NULL
              FROM  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
              WHERE table_name = 'TableName'
                    AND table_schema = 'SchemaName'
                    AND column_name = 'ColumnName') BEGIN

  ALTER TABLE [SchemaName].[TableName] ADD [ColumnName] int(1) NOT NULL default '0';

END;

我需要类似于SQL Server 2000的东西，正如Mitch所指出的，这只适用于SQL Server 2005或更高版本。

这就是我最终的工作：

if exists (
    select *
    from
        sysobjects, syscolumns
    where
        sysobjects.id = syscolumns.id
        and sysobjects.name = 'table'
        and syscolumns.name = 'column')

接受答案的临时表格版本：

if (exists(select 1
           from tempdb.sys.columns
           where Name = 'columnName'
                 and Object_ID = object_id('tempdb..#tableName')))
begin
...
end

以下查询可用于检查表中是否存在搜索列。我们可以根据搜索结果做出决定，如下所示。

IF EXISTS (SELECT 'Y' FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = <YourTableName> AND COLUMN_NAME = <YourColumnName>)
  BEGIN
    SELECT 'Column Already Exists.'
  END
  ELSE
  BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE <YourTableName> ADD <YourColumnName> <DataType>[Size]
  END