所有答案总结如下：

l = [1, 5, 8, 9]
ll = [3, 7, 10, 11]

zip:

dict(zip(l,ll)) # {1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

#if you want to play with key or value @recommended

{k:v*10 for k, v in zip(l, ll)} #{1: 30, 5: 70, 8: 100, 9: 110}

计数器：

d = {}
c=0
for k in l:
    d[k] = ll[c] #setting up keys from the second list values
    c += 1
print(d)
{1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

枚举：

d = {}
for i,k in enumerate(l):
    d[k] = ll[i]
print(d)
{1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')
out = dict(zip(keys, values))

输出：

{'food': 'spam', 'age': 42, 'name': 'Monty'}

如果在创建字典之前需要转换键或值，那么可以使用生成器表达式。例子：

>>> adict = dict((str(k), v) for k, v in zip(['a', 1, 'b'], [2, 'c', 3])) 

看一看《像蟒蛇一样的代码：惯用Python》。

这样地：

keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]
dictionary = dict(zip(keys, values))
print(dictionary) # {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

Voila:-）成对dict构造函数和zip函数非常有用。

所有答案总结如下：

l = [1, 5, 8, 9]
ll = [3, 7, 10, 11]

zip:

dict(zip(l,ll)) # {1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

#if you want to play with key or value @recommended

{k:v*10 for k, v in zip(l, ll)} #{1: 30, 5: 70, 8: 100, 9: 110}

计数器：

d = {}
c=0
for k in l:
    d[k] = ll[c] #setting up keys from the second list values
    c += 1
print(d)
{1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

枚举：

d = {}
for i,k in enumerate(l):
    d[k] = ll[i]
print(d)
{1: 3, 5: 7, 8: 10, 9: 11}

您还可以在Python≥2.7中使用字典理解：

>>> keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
>>> values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')
>>> {k: v for k, v in zip(keys, values)}
{'food': 'spam', 'age': 42, 'name': 'Monty'}