用例可能是您的事件分布在整个文件中，但您知道您只关心前10、20或100行。

然后简单地处理这些行就可以解决问题——即使OP的措辞只是首先考虑。

sed '1,10s/#include/#include "newfile.h"\n#include/'

这里可能的解决方案是告诉编译器包含头文件，而不在源文件中提到它。在GCC中有这些选项:

   -include file
       Process file as if "#include "file"" appeared as the first line of
       the primary source file.  However, the first directory searched for
       file is the preprocessor's working directory instead of the
       directory containing the main source file.  If not found there, it
       is searched for in the remainder of the "#include "..."" search
       chain as normal.

       If multiple -include options are given, the files are included in
       the order they appear on the command line.

   -imacros file
       Exactly like -include, except that any output produced by scanning
       file is thrown away.  Macros it defines remain defined.  This
       allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
       processing its declarations.

       All files specified by -imacros are processed before all files
       specified by -include.

微软的编译器有/FI(强制包含)选项。

这个特性对于一些常见的头文件来说很方便，比如平台配置。Linux内核的Makefile为此使用-include。

如果有人来这里替换所有行中第一次出现的字符(比如我自己)，使用这个:

sed '/old/s/old/new/1' file

-bash-4.2$ cat file
123a456a789a
12a34a56
a12
-bash-4.2$ sed '/a/s/a/b/1' file
123b456a789a
12b34a56
b12

例如，通过将1改为2，你可以只替换所有的第二个a。

只需要在最后加上出现的次数:

sed s/#include/#include "newfile.h"\n#include/1

你可以使用awk来做类似的事情。

awk '/#include/ && !done { print "#include \"newfile.h\""; done=1;}; 1;' file.c

解释:

/#include/ && !done

当行匹配“#include”并且我们还没有处理它时，在{}之间运行操作语句。

{print "#include \"newfile.h\""; done=1;}

这将打印#include "newfile.h"，我们需要转义引号。然后我们将done变量设置为1，这样我们就不会添加更多的include。

1;

这意味着“打印出行”——一个空操作默认为打印$0，打印出整行。一个简单的程序，比sed更容易理解:-)

我需要一个在GNU和BSD上都可以工作的解决方案，而且我也知道第一行永远不会是我需要更新的一行:

sed -e "1,/pattern/s/pattern/replacement/"

尝试//特性不重复模式对我不起作用，因此需要重复它。