来自Python Coroutine:

Python协程的执行可以在许多地方暂停和恢复 点(见协程)。在协程函数体内，等待 异步标识符成为保留关键字;等待表达式, Async for和Async with只能在协程函数中使用 的身体。

From Coroutines (c++ 20)

协程是一种可以挂起要恢复的执行的函数 以后。协程是无堆栈的:它们通过返回来暂停执行 给打电话的人。这允许执行顺序代码 异步(例如，不显式地处理非阻塞I/O 回调)，并且还支持惰性计算无限上的算法 序列和其他用途。

与他人的答案比较:

在我看来，后面的恢复部分是一个核心的区别，就像@Twinkle一样。 虽然文件的很多方面还在完善中，但是这一部分和大部分的答案是相似的，除了@南晓

另一方面，协程是协作的:在任何给定的时间，一个 带有协程的程序只运行其中一个协程，并且 这个正在运行的协程仅在显式执行时才会暂停执行 请求被暂停。

因为引用自Program in Lua，可能是语言相关(目前不熟悉Lua)，不是所有文档都只提到一个部分。

与concurrent的关系: 协程(c++ 20)中有一个“执行”部分。太长了，不能在这里引用。 除了细节，还有几个状态。

When a coroutine begins execution  
When a coroutine reaches a suspension point  
When a coroutine reaches the co_return statement  
If the coroutine ends with an uncaught exception  
When the coroutine state is destroyed either because it terminated via co_return or uncaught exception, or because it was destroyed via its handle 

正如@Adam Arold在@user217714的回答下的评论。并发性。 但它与多线程不同。 从std::线程

Threads allow multiple functions to execute concurrently. Threads begin execution immediately upon construction of the associated thread object (pending any OS scheduling delays), starting at the top-level function provided as a constructor argument. The return value of the top-level function is ignored and if it terminates by throwing an exception, std::terminate is called. The top-level function may communicate its return value or an exception to the caller via std::promise or by modifying shared variables (which may require synchronization, see std::mutex and std::atomic)

因为它是并发的，它就像多线程一样工作，特别是当等待是不可避免的(从操作系统的角度来看)，这也是为什么它令人困惑的原因。

协程和并发在很大程度上是正交的。协程是一种通用的控制结构，流控制在两个不同的例程之间协作传递而不返回。

Python中的'yield'语句就是一个很好的例子。它创建了一个协程。当遇到yield时，将保存函数的当前状态，并将控制返回给调用函数。然后，调用函数可以将执行转移回屈服函数，它的状态将恢复到遇到“屈服”的位置，并继续执行。

另一方面， 在python中，gevent库是一个基于协程的网络库，它为您提供线程类功能，如异步网络请求，而无需创建和销毁线程的开销。所使用的协程库是绿色的。

我发现大多数答案都太专业了，尽管这是一个技术问题。我很难理解协同程序的过程。我有点明白，但我不能同时明白。

我发现这个答案非常有用:

https://dev.to/thibmaek/explain-coroutines-like-im-five-2d9

引用伊丹·阿耶的话:

To build on your story, I'd put it something like this: You start watching the cartoon, but it's the intro. Instead of watching the intro you switch to the game and enter the online lobby - but it needs 3 players and only you and your sister are in it. Instead of waiting for another player to join you switch to your homework, and answer the first question. The second question has a link to a YouTube video you need to watch. You open it - and it starts loading. Instead of waiting for it to load, you switch back to the cartoon. The intro is over, so you can watch. Now there are commercials - but meanwhile a third player has joined so you switch to the game And so on... The idea is that you don't just switch the tasks really fast to make it look like you are doing everything at once. You utilize the time you are waiting for something to happen(IO) to do other things that do require your direct attention.

一定要检查链接，还有更多我不能引用的东西。

协程作为并发性的实现和多线程的替代方案。

协程是实现并发的单线程解决方案。

         A-Start ------------------------------------------ A-End   
           | B-Start -----------------------------------------|--- B-End   
           |    |      C-Start ------------------- C-End      |      |   
           |    |       |                           |         |      |
           V    V       V                           V         V      V      
1 thread->|<-A-|<--B---|<-C-|-A-|-C-|--A--|-B-|--C-->|---A---->|--B-->| 

与多线程解决方案相比:

thread A->|<--A|          |--A-->|
thread B------>|<--B|            |--B-->|
thread C ---------->|<---C|             |C--->|

协程是异步编程的一种实现，异步编程用于实现并发。 许多语言使用协程实现异步编程。其他答案表明Python, Kotlin, Lua, c++已经做到了。 最有用/通常用于涉及I/O绑定问题的场景，例如在获取数据时呈现UI，或从多个数据源下载。

在Lua编程中，“协程”部分:

A coroutine is similar to a thread (in the sense of multithreading): it is a line of execution, with its own stack, its own local variables, and its own instruction pointer; but it shares global variables and mostly anything else with other coroutines. The main difference between threads and coroutines is that, conceptually (or literally, in a multiprocessor machine), a program with threads runs several threads in parallel. Coroutines, on the other hand, are collaborative: at any given time, a program with coroutines is running only one of its coroutines, and this running coroutine suspends its execution only when it explicitly requests to be suspended.

所以关键是:协程是“协作的”。即使在多核系统中，也只有一个协程在任何给定时间运行(但多个线程可以并行运行)。协程之间存在不可抢占性，运行中的协程必须显式放弃执行。

关于“并发性”，你可以参考Rob Pike的幻灯片:

并发是独立执行计算的组合。

所以在协程A的执行过程中，它把控制权传递给了协程B。经过一段时间后，协程B又把控制权传递给了协程A。由于协程之间存在依赖关系，它们必须串联运行，所以这两个协程不是并发的。