There are scenarios in wich you cannot use bc becouse it might simply not be present, like in some cut down versions of busybox or embedded systems. In any case limiting outer dependencies is always a good thing to do so you can always add zeroes to the number being divided by (numerator), that is the same as multiplying by a power of 10 (you should choose a power of 10 according to the precision you need), that will make the division output an integer number. Once you have that integer treat it as a string and position the decimal point (moving it from right to left) a number of times equal to the power of ten you multiplied the numerator by. This is a simple way of obtaining float results by using only integer numbers.

对于那些试图用公认的答案计算百分比，但失去精度的人:

如果你运行这个:

echo "scale=2; (100/180) * 180" | bc

你只能得到99.00，这就失去了精确度。

如果你这样运行:

echo "result = (100/180) * 180; scale=2; result / 1" | bc -l

现在你得到99.99。

因为你只在打印的时候缩放。

参考此处

作为bc的替代方案，您可以在脚本中使用awk。

例如:

echo "$IMG_WIDTH $IMG2_WIDTH" | awk '{printf "%.2f \n", $1/$2}'

在上面，“%.”2f”告诉printf函数返回一个小数点后两位的浮点数。我使用echo将变量管道作为字段，因为awk对它们正常操作。“$1”和“$2”表示输入awk的第一个和第二个字段。

你可以将结果存储为其他变量，使用:

RESULT = `echo ...`

虽然在Bash中不能使用浮点除法，但可以使用定点除法。你所要做的就是把整数乘以10的次方，然后把整数部分除掉，用取模运算得到小数部分。根据需要舍入。

#!/bin/bash

n=$1
d=$2

# because of rounding this should be 10^{i+1}
# where i is the number of decimal digits wanted
i=4
P=$((10**(i+1)))
Pn=$(($P / 10))
# here we 'fix' the decimal place, divide and round tward zero
t=$(($n * $P / $d + ($n < 0 ? -5 : 5)))
# then we print the number by dividing off the interger part and
# using the modulo operator (after removing the rounding digit) to get the factional part.
printf "%d.%0${i}d\n" $(($t / $P)) $(((t < 0 ? -t : t) / 10 % $Pn))

如果你找到了你喜欢的变体，你也可以把它包装到一个函数中。

这里我将一些bashism包装到div函数中:

一个衬套:

function div { local _d=${3:-2}; local _n=0000000000; _n=${_n:0:$_d}; local _r=$(($1$_n/$2)); _r=${_r:0:-$_d}.${_r: -$_d}; echo $_r;}

或多行:

function div {
  local _d=${3:-2}
  local _n=0000000000
  _n=${_n:0:$_d}
  local _r=$(($1$_n/$2))
  _r=${_r:0:-$_d}.${_r: -$_d}
  echo $_r
}

现在你得到了这个函数

div <dividend> <divisor> [<precision=2>]

然后像这样使用它

> div 1 2
.50

> div 273 123 5
2.21951

> x=$(div 22 7)
> echo $x
3.14

更新 我添加了一个小脚本，为您提供了bash的基本浮点数操作:

用法:

> add 1.2 3.45
4.65
> sub 1000 .007
999.993
> mul 1.1 7.07
7.7770
> div 10 3
3.
> div 10 3.000
3.333

这里是脚本:

#!/bin/bash
__op() {
        local z=00000000000000000000000000000000
        local a1=${1%.*}
        local x1=${1//./}
        local n1=$((${#x1}-${#a1}))
        local a2=${2%.*}
        local x2=${2//./}
        local n2=$((${#x2}-${#a2}))
        local n=$n1
        if (($n1 < $n2)); then
                local n=$n2
                x1=$x1${z:0:$(($n2-$n1))}
        fi
        if (($n1 > $n2)); then
                x2=$x2${z:0:$(($n1-$n2))}
        fi
        if [ "$3" == "/" ]; then
                x1=$x1${z:0:$n}
        fi
        local r=$(($x1"$3"$x2))
        local l=$((${#r}-$n))
        if [ "$3" == "*" ]; then
                l=$(($l-$n))
        fi
        echo ${r:0:$l}.${r:$l}
}
add() { __op $1 $2 + ;}
sub() { __op $1 $2 - ;}
mul() { __op $1 $2 "*" ;}
div() { __op $1 $2 / ;}

用calc，这是我发现的最简单的方法 例子:

calc 1 + 1

 2

calc 1/10

 0.1