我试图在Bash脚本中划分两个图像宽度,但Bash给我0作为结果:
RESULT=$(($IMG_WIDTH/$IMG2_WIDTH))
我确实研究了Bash指南,我知道我应该使用bc,在互联网上的所有例子中,他们都使用bc。在echo中,我试图把同样的东西放在我的SCALE中,但它不起作用。
以下是我在教程中找到的例子:
echo "scale=2; ${userinput}" | bc
我怎么能让巴斯给我0.5这样的浮点数呢?
我试图在Bash脚本中划分两个图像宽度,但Bash给我0作为结果:
RESULT=$(($IMG_WIDTH/$IMG2_WIDTH))
我确实研究了Bash指南,我知道我应该使用bc,在互联网上的所有例子中,他们都使用bc。在echo中,我试图把同样的东西放在我的SCALE中,但它不起作用。
以下是我在教程中找到的例子:
echo "scale=2; ${userinput}" | bc
我怎么能让巴斯给我0.5这样的浮点数呢?
当前回答
虽然在Bash中不能使用浮点除法,但可以使用定点除法。你所要做的就是把整数乘以10的次方,然后把整数部分除掉,用取模运算得到小数部分。根据需要舍入。
#!/bin/bash
n=$1
d=$2
# because of rounding this should be 10^{i+1}
# where i is the number of decimal digits wanted
i=4
P=$((10**(i+1)))
Pn=$(($P / 10))
# here we 'fix' the decimal place, divide and round tward zero
t=$(($n * $P / $d + ($n < 0 ? -5 : 5)))
# then we print the number by dividing off the interger part and
# using the modulo operator (after removing the rounding digit) to get the factional part.
printf "%d.%0${i}d\n" $(($t / $P)) $(((t < 0 ? -t : t) / 10 % $Pn))
其他回答
对于那些试图用公认的答案计算百分比,但失去精度的人:
如果你运行这个:
echo "scale=2; (100/180) * 180" | bc
你只能得到99.00,这就失去了精确度。
如果你这样运行:
echo "result = (100/180) * 180; scale=2; result / 1" | bc -l
现在你得到99.99。
因为你只在打印的时候缩放。
参考此处
红利=除数×商+余数
我们来计算商和余数。 以及将这些字符串连接到一个变量中。
新方法只对log_decimal除数有效:
function main() {
bar=10030
divisor=100
# divisor=50
quotient=$((bar / divisor))
# remainder=$((bar - v_int * divisor))
remainder=$((bar % divisor))
remainder_init=$remainder
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "quotient" "$quotient"
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "remainder" "$remainder"
cnt=0
while :; do
remainder=$((remainder * 10))
aux=$((remainder / divisor))
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "aux" "$aux"
[[ aux -ne 0 ]] && break
((cnt += 1))
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "remainder" "$remainder"
done
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "cnt" "$cnt"
printf "%-15s --> %s\n" "aux" "$aux"
printf $quotient
printf "."
for i in $(seq 1 $cnt); do printf "0"; done
printf $remainder_init
}
clear
main
旧的错误方式:
bar=1234 \
&& divisor=1000 \
&& foo=$(printf "%s.%s" $(( bar / divisor )) $(( bar % divisor ))) \
&& printf "bar is %d miliseconds or %s seconds\n" $bar $foo
输出:bar为1234毫秒或1.234秒
如何在bash中进行浮点计算:
不同于在bc命令中使用"here strings"(<<<),这是我最喜欢的bc浮点示例,来自bc手册页的示例部分(参见man bc手册页)。
在我们开始之前,知道pi的方程是:pi = 4*atan(1)。下面的A()是atan()的BC数学函数。
This is how to store the result of a floating point calculation into a bash variable--in this case into a variable called pi. Note that scale=10 sets the number of decimal digits of precision to 10 in this case. Any decimal digits after this place are truncated. pi=$(echo "scale=10; 4*a(1)" | bc -l) Now, to have a single line of code that also prints out the value of this variable, simply add the echo command to the end as a follow-up command, as follows. Note the truncation at 10 decimal places, as commanded: pi=$(echo "scale=10; 4*a(1)" | bc -l); echo $pi 3.1415926532 Finally, let's throw in some rounding. Here we will use the printf function to round to 4 decimal places. Note that the 3.14159... rounds now to 3.1416. Since we are rounding, we no longer need to use scale=10 to truncate to 10 decimal places, so we'll just remove that part. Here's the end solution: pi=$(printf %.4f $(echo "4*a(1)" | bc -l)); echo $pi 3.1416
下面是上述技术的另一个非常棒的应用程序和演示:测量和打印运行时。
(参见我的另一个答案)。
注意,dt_min从0.01666666666…0.017:
start=$SECONDS; sleep 1; end=$SECONDS; dt_sec=$(( end - start )); dt_min=$(printf %.3f $(echo "$dt_sec/60" | bc -l)); echo "dt_sec = $dt_sec; dt_min = $dt_min"
dt_sec = 1; dt_min = 0.017
相关:
(我的回答)https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/52313/how-to-get-execution-time-of-a-script-effectively/547849#547849 [我的问题]三个左尖括号(' <<< ')在bash中是什么意思? https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/80362/what-does-mean/80368#80368 https://askubuntu.com/questions/179898/how-to-round-decimals-using-bc-in-bash/574474#574474
Bash可以很好地计算浮点结果,不需要任何其他程序。
Bash独立甚至可以精确地计算π到小数点后第九位。
例子:
calc=104348/33215
accuracy=9
calc99p9=$((10**$accuracy))*$calc
result99p9=$((calc99p9))
result=${result99p9: -${#result99p9}: -$accuracy}.${result99p9: -$accuracy}
echo Bash calculated pi to be $result
结果
Bash calculated pi to be 3.141592653
你可以这样做:
bc <<< 'scale=2; 100/3'
33.33
更新20130926:你可以使用:
bc -l <<< '100/3' # saves a few hits
33.33333333333333333333