你可以使用Apache的commons:

String fullStackTrace = org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e);

for (StackTraceElement ste : Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()) {
    System.out.println(ste + "\n");
}

托尼，作为对公认答案的评论，给出了似乎是最好的答案，实际上回答了OP的问题:

Arrays.toString(Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()).replace( ',', '\n' );

．.． OP没有询问如何从异常的堆栈跟踪中获取字符串。尽管我是Apache Commons的忠实粉丝，但当有像上面这么简单的东西时，使用外部库是没有逻辑理由的。

如果希望检查进程的当前调用堆栈，可以使用jstack实用程序。

Usage:
    jstack [-l] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jstack -F [-m] [-l] <pid>
        (to connect to a hung process)
    jstack [-m] [-l] <executable> <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jstack [-m] [-l] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to a remote debug server)

Options:
    -F  to force a thread dump. Use when jstack <pid> does not respond (process is hung)
    -m  to print both java and native frames (mixed mode)
    -l  long listing. Prints additional information about locks
    -h or -help to print this help message

try {
}
catch(Exception e) {
    StackTraceElement[] traceElements = e.getStackTrace();
    //...
}

or

Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()

另一个解决方案(只有35 - 31个字符):

new Exception().printStackTrace();   
new Error().printStackTrace();