或者，如果您能够使用外部库，您可以使用filehound。它支持回调，承诺和同步调用。

使用承诺:

const Filehound = require('filehound');

Filehound.create()
  .path("MyFolder")
  .directory() // only search for directories
  .find()
  .then((subdirectories) => {
    console.log(subdirectories);
  });

使用回调函数:

const Filehound = require('filehound');

Filehound.create()
  .path("MyFolder")
  .directory()
  .find((err, subdirectories) => {
    if (err) return console.error(err);

    console.log(subdirectories);
  });

同步调用:

const Filehound = require('filehound');

const subdirectories = Filehound.create()
  .path("MyFolder")
  .directory()
  .findSync();

console.log(subdirectories);

欲了解更多信息(和示例)，请查看文档:https://github.com/nspragg/filehound

声明:我是作者。

使用fs, path模块可以获取文件夹。这使用承诺。如果你想要填充，你可以将isDirectory()更改为isFile() Nodejs——fs——fs. stats。最后，你可以得到文件'name file'extname等Nodejs——Path

var fs = require("fs"),
path = require("path");
//your <MyFolder> path
var p = "MyFolder"
fs.readdir(p, function (err, files) {
    if (err) {
        throw err;
    }
    //this can get all folder and file under  <MyFolder>
    files.map(function (file) {
        //return file or folder path, such as **MyFolder/SomeFile.txt**
        return path.join(p, file);
    }).filter(function (file) {
        //use sync judge method. The file will add next files array if the file is directory, or not. 
        return fs.statSync(file).isDirectory();
    }).forEach(function (files) {
        //The files is array, so each. files is the folder name. can handle the folder.
        console.log("%s", files);
    });
});

这个答案不使用像readdirSync或statSync这样的阻塞函数。它不使用外部依赖关系，也不陷入回调地狱的深渊。

相反，我们使用现代JavaScript的便利，如Promises和async-await语法。异步结果是并行处理的;〇不是按顺序

const { readdir, stat } =
  require ("fs") .promises

const { join } =
  require ("path")

const dirs = async (path = ".") =>
  (await stat (path)) .isDirectory ()
    ? Promise
        .all
          ( (await readdir (path))
              .map (p => dirs (join (path, p)))
          )
        .then
          ( results =>
              [] .concat (path, ...results)
          )
    : []

我将安装一个示例包，然后测试我们的函数-

$ npm install ramda
$ node

让我们看看它是如何工作的

> dirs (".") .then (console.log, console.error)

[ '.'
, 'node_modules'
, 'node_modules/ramda'
, 'node_modules/ramda/dist'
, 'node_modules/ramda/es'
, 'node_modules/ramda/es/internal'
, 'node_modules/ramda/src'
, 'node_modules/ramda/src/internal'
]

使用一个通用模块Parallel，我们可以简化dirs -的定义

const Parallel =
  require ("./Parallel")

const dirs = async (path = ".") =>
  (await stat (path)) .isDirectory ()
    ? Parallel (readdir (path))
        .flatMap (f => dirs (join (path, f)))
        .then (results => [ path, ...results ])
    : []

上面使用的Parallel模块是从一组旨在解决类似问题的函数中提取出来的模式。更多解释请参见相关问答。

完全异步的版本与ES6，只有本机包，fs。Promises和async/await，并行执行文件操作:

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');

async function listDirectories(rootPath) {
    const fileNames = await fs.promises.readdir(rootPath);
    const filePaths = fileNames.map(fileName => path.join(rootPath, fileName));
    const filePathsAndIsDirectoryFlagsPromises = filePaths.map(async filePath => ({path: filePath, isDirectory: (await fs.promises.stat(filePath)).isDirectory()}))
    const filePathsAndIsDirectoryFlags = await Promise.all(filePathsAndIsDirectoryFlagsPromises);
    return filePathsAndIsDirectoryFlags.filter(filePathAndIsDirectoryFlag => filePathAndIsDirectoryFlag.isDirectory)
        .map(filePathAndIsDirectoryFlag => filePathAndIsDirectoryFlag.path);
}

经过测试，它工作得很好。

对于getDirectories的异步版本，你需要async模块:

var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var async = require('async'); // https://github.com/caolan/async

// Original function
function getDirsSync(srcpath) {
  return fs.readdirSync(srcpath).filter(function(file) {
    return fs.statSync(path.join(srcpath, file)).isDirectory();
  });
}

function getDirs(srcpath, cb) {
  fs.readdir(srcpath, function (err, files) {
    if(err) { 
      console.error(err);
      return cb([]);
    }
    var iterator = function (file, cb)  {
      fs.stat(path.join(srcpath, file), function (err, stats) {
        if(err) { 
          console.error(err);
          return cb(false);
        }
        cb(stats.isDirectory());
      })
    }
    async.filter(files, iterator, cb);
  });
}

使用fs-extra，承诺async fs调用，以及新的await async语法:

const fs = require("fs-extra");

async function getDirectories(path){
    let filesAndDirectories = await fs.readdir(path);

    let directories = [];
    await Promise.all(
        filesAndDirectories.map(name =>{
            return fs.stat(path + name)
            .then(stat =>{
                if(stat.isDirectory()) directories.push(name)
            })
        })
    );
    return directories;
}

let directories = await getDirectories("/")