两个可能的选项(当然可能有更多):

您可以使用crypto/rand包，它支持读取随机字节数组(来自/dev/urandom)，并面向加密随机生成。见http://golang.org/pkg/crypto/rand/#example_Read。它可能比普通的伪随机数生成慢。 取一个随机数，用md5或类似的方法进行哈希。

如果您愿意向允许的字符池中添加一些字符，您可以使代码与任何通过io.Reader提供随机字节的东西一起工作。这里我们使用的是crypto/rand。

// len(encodeURL) == 64. This allows (x <= 265) x % 64 to have an even
// distribution.
const encodeURL = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"

// A helper function create and fill a slice of length n with characters from
// a-zA-Z0-9_-. It panics if there are any problems getting random bytes.
func RandAsciiBytes(n int) []byte {
    output := make([]byte, n)

    // We will take n bytes, one byte for each character of output.
    randomness := make([]byte, n)

    // read all random
    _, err := rand.Read(randomness)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // fill output
    for pos := range output {
        // get random item
        random := uint8(randomness[pos])

        // random % 64
        randomPos := random % uint8(len(encodeURL))

        // put into output
        output[pos] = encodeURL[randomPos]
    }

    return output
}

在icza精彩解释的解决方案之后，这里是它的一个修改，使用加密/兰特而不是数学/兰特。

const (
    letterBytes = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" // 52 possibilities
    letterIdxBits = 6                    // 6 bits to represent 64 possibilities / indexes
    letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits
)

func SecureRandomAlphaString(length int) string {

    result := make([]byte, length)
    bufferSize := int(float64(length)*1.3)
    for i, j, randomBytes := 0, 0, []byte{}; i < length; j++ {
        if j%bufferSize == 0 {
            randomBytes = SecureRandomBytes(bufferSize)
        }
        if idx := int(randomBytes[j%length] & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {
            result[i] = letterBytes[idx]
            i++
        }
    }

    return string(result)
}

// SecureRandomBytes returns the requested number of bytes using crypto/rand
func SecureRandomBytes(length int) []byte {
    var randomBytes = make([]byte, length)
    _, err := rand.Read(randomBytes)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Unable to generate random bytes")
    }
    return randomBytes
}

如果你想要一个更通用的解决方案，它允许你传入字符字节的切片来创建字符串，你可以尝试使用这个:

// SecureRandomString returns a string of the requested length,
// made from the byte characters provided (only ASCII allowed).
// Uses crypto/rand for security. Will panic if len(availableCharBytes) > 256.
func SecureRandomString(availableCharBytes string, length int) string {

    // Compute bitMask
    availableCharLength := len(availableCharBytes)
    if availableCharLength == 0 || availableCharLength > 256 {
        panic("availableCharBytes length must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 256")
    }
    var bitLength byte
    var bitMask byte
    for bits := availableCharLength - 1; bits != 0; {
        bits = bits >> 1
        bitLength++
    }
    bitMask = 1<<bitLength - 1

    // Compute bufferSize
    bufferSize := length + length / 3

    // Create random string
    result := make([]byte, length)
    for i, j, randomBytes := 0, 0, []byte{}; i < length; j++ {
        if j%bufferSize == 0 {
            // Random byte buffer is empty, get a new one
            randomBytes = SecureRandomBytes(bufferSize)
        }
        // Mask bytes to get an index into the character slice
        if idx := int(randomBytes[j%length] & bitMask); idx < availableCharLength {
            result[i] = availableCharBytes[idx]
            i++
        }
    }

    return string(result)
}

如果你想传入你自己的随机源，修改上面的内容来接受io是很简单的。Reader而不是使用crypto/rand。

这里是一个简单而高效的加密安全随机字符串的解决方案。

package main

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "unsafe"
    "fmt"
)

var alphabet = []byte("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")

func main() {
    fmt.Println(generate(16))
}

func generate(size int) string {
    b := make([]byte, size)
    rand.Read(b)
    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
        b[i] = alphabet[b[i] % byte(len(alphabet))]
    }
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}

基准

Benchmark  95.2 ns/op      16 B/op      1 allocs/op

const (
    chars       = "0123456789_abcdefghijkl-mnopqrstuvwxyz" //ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    charsLen    = len(chars)
    mask        = 1<<6 - 1
)

var rng = rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())

// RandStr 返回指定长度的随机字符串
func RandStr(ln int) string {
    /* chars 38个字符
     * rng.Int63() 每次产出64bit的随机数,每次我们使用6bit(2^6=64) 可以使用10次
     */
    buf := make([]byte, ln)
    for idx, cache, remain := ln-1, rng.Int63(), 10; idx >= 0; {
        if remain == 0 {
            cache, remain = rng.Int63(), 10
        }
        buf[idx] = chars[int(cache&mask)%charsLen]
        cache >>= 6
        remain--
        idx--
    }
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf))
}

基准RandStr16-8 20000000 68.1 ns/op 16 B/op 1 分配/操作

/*
    korzhao
*/

package rand

import (
    crand "crypto/rand"
    "math/rand"
    "sync"
    "time"
    "unsafe"
)

// Doesn't share the rand library globally, reducing lock contention
type Rand struct {
    Seed int64
    Pool *sync.Pool
}

var (
    MRand    = NewRand()
    randlist = []byte("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890")
)

// init random number generator
func NewRand() *Rand {
    p := &sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {
        return rand.New(rand.NewSource(getSeed()))
    },
    }
    mrand := &Rand{
        Pool: p,
    }
    return mrand
}

// get the seed
func getSeed() int64 {
    return time.Now().UnixNano()
}

func (s *Rand) getrand() *rand.Rand {
    return s.Pool.Get().(*rand.Rand)
}
func (s *Rand) putrand(r *rand.Rand) {
    s.Pool.Put(r)
}

// get a random number
func (s *Rand) Intn(n int) int {
    r := s.getrand()
    defer s.putrand(r)

    return r.Intn(n)
}

//  bulk get random numbers
func (s *Rand) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
    r := s.getrand()
    defer s.putrand(r)

    return r.Read(p)
}

func CreateRandomString(len int) string {
    b := make([]byte, len)
    _, err := MRand.Read(b)
    if err != nil {
        return ""
    }
    for i := 0; i < len; i++ {
        b[i] = randlist[b[i]%(62)]
    }
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}

24.0 ns/op 16 B/op 1 allocs/