在Go中,我只想要一个随机字符串(大写或小写),没有数字。最快最简单的方法是什么?


当前回答

你可以为它编写代码。如果您希望使用UTF-8编码时所有字母都是单个字节,则此代码可以稍微简单一些。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
    "math/rand"
)

var letters = []rune("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")

func randSeq(n int) string {
    b := make([]rune, n)
    for i := range b {
        b[i] = letters[rand.Intn(len(letters))]
    }
    return string(b)
}

func main() {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

    fmt.Println(randSeq(10))
}

其他回答

如果您愿意向允许的字符池中添加一些字符,您可以使代码与任何通过io.Reader提供随机字节的东西一起工作。这里我们使用的是crypto/rand。

// len(encodeURL) == 64. This allows (x <= 265) x % 64 to have an even
// distribution.
const encodeURL = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"

// A helper function create and fill a slice of length n with characters from
// a-zA-Z0-9_-. It panics if there are any problems getting random bytes.
func RandAsciiBytes(n int) []byte {
    output := make([]byte, n)

    // We will take n bytes, one byte for each character of output.
    randomness := make([]byte, n)

    // read all random
    _, err := rand.Read(randomness)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // fill output
    for pos := range output {
        // get random item
        random := uint8(randomness[pos])

        // random % 64
        randomPos := random % uint8(len(encodeURL))

        // put into output
        output[pos] = encodeURL[randomPos]
    }

    return output
}

两个可能的选项(当然可能有更多):

您可以使用crypto/rand包,它支持读取随机字节数组(来自/dev/urandom),并面向加密随机生成。见http://golang.org/pkg/crypto/rand/#example_Read。它可能比普通的伪随机数生成慢。 取一个随机数,用md5或类似的方法进行哈希。

如果需要选择是否大写,我通常会这样做

func randomString(length int, upperCase bool) string {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

    var alphabet string

    if upperCase {
        alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    } else {
        alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    }

    var sb strings.Builder

    l := len(alphabet)

    for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
        c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
        sb.WriteByte(c)
    }

    return sb.String()
}

如果不需要大写字母,就像这样

func randomString(length int) string {
        rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

        var alphabet string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
        var sb strings.Builder

        l := len(alphabet)

        for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
                c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
                sb.WriteByte(c)
        }

        return sb.String()
}

这里是一个简单而高效的加密安全随机字符串的解决方案。

package main

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "unsafe"
    "fmt"
)

var alphabet = []byte("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")

func main() {
    fmt.Println(generate(16))
}

func generate(size int) string {
    b := make([]byte, size)
    rand.Read(b)
    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
        b[i] = alphabet[b[i] % byte(len(alphabet))]
    }
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}

基准

Benchmark  95.2 ns/op      16 B/op      1 allocs/op

作为icza的出色解决方案的后续,下面我使用rand。读者

func RandStringBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(length uint) (string, error) {
    const (
        charset     = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        charIdxBits = 6                  // 6 bits to represent a letter index
        charIdxMask = 1<<charIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as charIdxBits
        charIdxMax  = 63 / charIdxBits   // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits
    )

    buffer := make([]byte, length)
    charsetLength := len(charset)
    max := big.NewInt(int64(1 << uint64(charsetLength)))

    limit, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, max)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    for index, cache, remain := int(length-1), limit.Int64(), charIdxMax; index >= 0; {
        if remain == 0 {
            limit, err = rand.Int(rand.Reader, max)
            if err != nil {
                return "", err
            }

            cache, remain = limit.Int64(), charIdxMax
        }

        if idx := int(cache & charIdxMask); idx < charsetLength {
            buffer[index] = charset[idx]
            index--
        }

        cache >>= charIdxBits
        remain--
    }

    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer)), nil
}


func BenchmarkBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(b *testing.B) {
    b.ReportAllocs()
    b.ResetTimer()

    const length = 16

    b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
        for pb.Next() {
            RandStringBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(length)
        }
    })
}