警告:

语法列表(groupby(…))不会按您想要的方式工作。它似乎破坏了内部迭代器对象，所以使用

for x in list(groupby(range(10))):
    print(list(x[1]))

会产生:

[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[9]

而不是list(groupby(…))，尝试[(k, list(g)) for k,g in groupby(…)]，或者如果你经常使用这种语法，

def groupbylist(*args, **kwargs):
    return [(k, list(g)) for k, g in groupby(*args, **kwargs)]

并且可以访问groupby功能，同时避免那些讨厌的(对于小数据)迭代器。

遗憾的是，我不认为使用itertools.groupby()是明智的。要安全使用它太难了，而且只需要几行代码就可以写出一些可以按照预期工作的东西。

def my_group_by(iterable, keyfunc):
    """Because itertools.groupby is tricky to use

    The stdlib method requires sorting in advance, and returns iterators not
    lists, and those iterators get consumed as you try to use them, throwing
    everything off if you try to look at something more than once.
    """
    ret = defaultdict(list)
    for k in iterable:
        ret[keyfunc(k)].append(k)
    return dict(ret)

像这样使用它:

def first_letter(x):
    return x[0]

my_group_by('four score and seven years ago'.split(), first_letter)

得到

{'f': ['four'], 's': ['score', 'seven'], 'a': ['and', 'ago'], 'y': ['years']}

我如何使用Python的itertools.groupby()?

您可以使用groupby来对迭代进行分组。你给groupby一个可迭代对象，和一个可选的键函数/可调用对象，用来检查从可迭代对象中取出的项，它返回一个迭代器，给出一个由可调用键的结果和另一个可迭代对象中的实际项组成的二元组。来自帮助:

groupby(iterable[, keyfunc]) -> create an iterator which returns
(key, sub-iterator) grouped by each value of key(value).

下面是groupby使用协程按计数分组的例子，它使用一个键可调用对象(在本例中是corroutine .send)来输出迭代次数的计数和元素的分组子迭代器:

import itertools


def grouper(iterable, n):
    def coroutine(n):
        yield # queue up coroutine
        for i in itertools.count():
            for j in range(n):
                yield i
    groups = coroutine(n)
    next(groups) # queue up coroutine

    for c, objs in itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send):
        yield c, list(objs)
    # or instead of materializing a list of objs, just:
    # return itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send)

list(grouper(range(10), 3))

打印

[(0, [0, 1, 2]), (1, [3, 4, 5]), (2, [6, 7, 8]), (3, [9])]

from random import randint
from itertools import groupby

 l = [randint(1, 3) for _ in range(20)]

 d = {}
 for k, g in groupby(l, lambda x: x):
     if not d.get(k, None):
         d[k] = list(g)
     else:
         d[k] = d[k] + list(g)

上面的代码展示了如何使用groupby根据提供的lambda函数/键对列表进行分组。唯一的问题是输出没有合并，这可以使用字典轻松解决。

例子:

l = [2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3]

应用groupby后，结果将是:

for k, g in groupby(l, lambda x:x):
    print(k, list(g))

2 [2]
1 [1]
2 [2]
3 [3]
1 [1]
3 [3]
2 [2]
1 [1]
3 [3, 3]
1 [1]
3 [3]
2 [2]
3 [3]
1 [1]
2 [2]
1 [1]
3 [3]
2 [2]
3 [3]

一旦字典被使用如下所示的结果可以很容易地迭代:

{2: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], 1: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 3: [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]}

我想再举一个例子，说明没有排序的groupby是行不通的。改编自James Sulak的例子

from itertools import groupby

things = [("vehicle", "bear"), ("animal", "duck"), ("animal", "cactus"), ("vehicle", "speed boat"), ("vehicle", "school bus")]

for key, group in groupby(things, lambda x: x[0]):
    for thing in group:
        print "A %s is a %s." % (thing[1], key)
    print " "

输出是

A bear is a vehicle.

A duck is a animal.
A cactus is a animal.

A speed boat is a vehicle.
A school bus is a vehicle.

有两组有车辆，而我们只能期待一组

警告:

语法列表(groupby(…))不会按您想要的方式工作。它似乎破坏了内部迭代器对象，所以使用

for x in list(groupby(range(10))):
    print(list(x[1]))

会产生:

[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[9]

而不是list(groupby(…))，尝试[(k, list(g)) for k,g in groupby(…)]，或者如果你经常使用这种语法，

def groupbylist(*args, **kwargs):
    return [(k, list(g)) for k, g in groupby(*args, **kwargs)]

并且可以访问groupby功能，同时避免那些讨厌的(对于小数据)迭代器。